Dolores Ibárruri
| Dolores Ibárruri | |
|---|---|
Dolores Ibárruri in 1978
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| General Secretary of the Communist Party of Spain | |
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In office March 1942 – 3 July 1960 |
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| Preceded by | José Díaz |
| Succeeded by | Santiago Carrillo |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Isidora Dolores Ibárruri Gómez December 9, 1895 Gallarta, Vizcaya, Spain. |
| Died | November 12, 1989 (aged 93) Madrid, Spain |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Political party | Communist Party of Spain |
Isidora Dolores Ibárruri Gómez (9 December 1895 – 12 November 1989) – known as "La Pasionaria" (Spanish, "Who has passion") – was a Spanish Republican heroine of the Spanish Civil War and communist politician of Basque origin, known for her famous slogan ¡No Pasarán! ("They shall not pass") during the Battle for Madrid in November 1936.
She joined the Spanish Communist Party (PCE) when it was founded in 1921. In the 1930s, she became a writer for the PCE publication Mundo Obrero and in February 1936 was elected to the Cortes Generales as a PCE deputy for Asturias. After her exile from Spain at the end of the Civil War, she was appointed General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Spain, a position she held from 1942 to 1960. She was then named honorary president of the PCE, a post she held for the rest of her life. Upon her return to Spain in 1977, she was re-elected as a deputy to the Cortes for the same region she had represented under the Second Republic.
Dolores Ibárruri was born to a Basque miner and a Castillian mother. She grew up in Gallarta, but later moved to Somorrostro (Biscay). Gallarta was next to a large siderite mine which became the second-most important in Europe in the 1970s and which shut down permanently in 1993. She attended the municipal school as soon as she could talk. The curriculum was basic and mainly religious; discipline was harsh. Outside she and the other children sang revolutionary ditties, played pranks and took part in rival gang fights. A willful child, she was taken at the age of ten by her mother to the Church of San Felicisimo in Deusto to be exorcized.
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