Demography of Pakistan

Population of Pakistan, 1961–2003
Population	191,715,847 (2015 est.)
Growth rate	1.49%
Birth rate	31 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Death rate	8 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Life expectancy	63.39 years (2009 est.)
• male	62.4 years (2009 est.)
• female	64.44 years (2009 est.)
Fertility rate	3.58 children born/woman (2008 est)
Infant mortality rate	57.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
0–14 years	36.7% (male 33,037,943/female 31,092,572)
15–64 years	59.1% (male 53,658,173/female 49,500,786)
65 and over	4.2% (male 3,495,350/female 3,793,734) (2009 est.)
At birth	1.00 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Under 15	1.06 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
15–64 years	1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
65 and over	0.82 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Nationality	noun: Pakistani
Major ethnic	See Ethnic groups of Pakistan
Official	See Languages of Pakistan
Spoken	See List of Pakistani languages by number of native speakers

Pakistan's estimated population in 2015 is over 191.71 million, making it the world's sixth-most-populous country, behind Brazil and ahead of Nigeria. During 1950–2011, Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold, while the total population increased by over fourfold. In the past, the country's population had a relatively high growth rate that has been changed by moderate birth rates. In 2014, the population growth rate stands at 1.49%.

Dramatic social changes have led to rapid urbanization and the emergence of megacities. During 1990–2003, Pakistan sustained its historical lead as the second-most urbanized nation in South Asia with city dwellers making up 36% of its population. Furthermore, 50% of Pakistanis now reside in towns of 5,000 people or more.

Pakistan has a multicultural and multi-ethnic society and hosts one of the largest refugee populations in the world as well as a young population.

The Demographic history of Pakistan from the ancient Indus Valley Civilization to modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in modern region of Pakistan from Central Asia, Middle East and Europe.

The majority of southern Pakistan's population lives along the Indus River. Karachi is the most populous city in Pakistan. In the northern half, most of the population lives about an arc formed by the cities of Faisalabad, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Islamabad, Multan, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Nowshera, Swabi, Mardan, and Peshawar.