Demographics of Mexico

Population of Mexico, 1961–2003
Population	119,530,753
Growth rate	1.4% (2015)
Birth rate	19.39 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Death rate	4.83 deaths/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Life expectancy	76.66 years
• male	73.84 years
• female	79.63 years (2012 est.)
Fertility rate	2.3 children born/woman (2014)
Infant mortality rate	16.77 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate	-1.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)
0–14 years	27.8% (male 16,329,415/ female 15,648,127)
15–64 years	65.5% (male 36,385,426/ female 38,880,768)
65 and over	6.7% (male 3,459,939/ female 4,271,731) (2012 est.)
Total	0.96 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
At birth	1.04 male(s)/female
Under 15	1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years	0.94 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.81 male(s)/female
Nationality	Mexican
Minor ethnic	10% Indigenous 1.2% Afrodescendant
Official	Spanish language
Spoken	Zapotec, Italian, Nahuatl, Arabic, Mixtec, Purépecha, English, Tzeltal, German, Chinese and many others are also spoken varying by region

Most populated municipalities
Municipality of Guadalajara
Municipality	Pop. (2005)
Ecatepec de Morelos	1,688,258
Guadalajara	1,600,940
Puebla	1,485,941
Tijuana	1,410,700
León	1.325.210
Juárez	1,313,338

Mexico City Guadalajara Monterrey	Ranks	Core city	State	Metro area population	Puebla Toluca Tijuana
	1	Mexico City	Federal District	20,137,152
	2	Guadalajara	Jalisco	4,434,878
	3	Monterrey	Nuevo León	4,106,054
	4	Puebla	Puebla	2,728,790
	5	Toluca	México	1,936,126
	6	Tijuana	Baja California	1,751,430
	7	León	Guanajuato	1,609,504
	8	Juárez	Chihuahua	1,495,094
	9	Torreón	Coahuila	1,275,993
	10	Querétaro	Querétaro	1,097,025
	11	San Luis Potosí	San Luis Potosí	1,040,443
	12	Mérida	Yucatán	973,046
	Source: INEGI

With a population of 119,530,753 as of 2015,Mexico is the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world, the second-most populous country in Latin America after Portuguese-speaking Brazil, and the second in North America, after the United States; the third largest in the Americas after the two countries mentioned above. Throughout most of the twentieth century Mexico's population was characterized by rapid growth. Although this tendency has been reversed and average annual population growth over the last five years was less than 1%, the demographic transition is still in progress, and Mexico still has a large cohort of youths. The most populous city in the country is the capital, Mexico City, with a population of 8.8 million (2010), and its metropolitan area is also the most populated with 20.1 million (2010). Approximately 50% of the population lives in one of the 55 large metropolitan areas in the country. In total, about 78.84% of the population of the country lives in urban areas, meaning that only 21.16% live in rural areas.

The Census Inegi in Mexico is the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). The National Population Council (CONAPO), is an institution under the Secretary of the Interior in charge of the analysis and research of population dynamics. The National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples (CDI), also undertakes research and analysis of the sociodemographic and linguistic indicators of the indigenous peoples in Mexico.

In 1900, the Mexican population was 13.6 million. During the period of economic prosperity that was dubbed by economists as the "Mexican Miracle", the government invested in efficient social programs that reduced the infant mortality rate and increased life expectancy. These measures jointly led to an intense demographic increase between 1930 and 1980. The population's annual growth rate has been reduced from a 3.5% peak, in 1965 to 0.99% in 2005. While Mexico is now transitioning to the third phase of demographic transition, close to 50% of the population in 2009 was 25 years old or younger.Fertility rates have also decreased from 5.7 children per woman in 1976 to 2.2 in 2006. The average annual population growth rate of the capital, the Federal District, was the first in the country at 0.2%. The state with the lowest population growth rate over the same period was Michoacán (-0.1%), whereas the states with the highest population growth rates were Quintana Roo (4.7%) and Baja California Sur (3.4%), both of which are two of the least populous states and the last to be admitted to the Union in the 1970s. The average annual net migration rate of the Federal District over the same period was negative and the lowest of all political divisions of Mexico, whereas the states with the highest net migration rate were Quintana Roo (2.7), Baja California (1.8) and Baja California Sur (1.6). While the national annual growth rate was still positive (1.0%) in the early years of the 2000s, the national net migration rate was negative (-4.75/1000 inhabitants), given the former strong flow of immigrants to the United States; an estimated 5.3 million undocumented Mexicans lived in the United States in 2004 and 18.2 million American citizens in the 2000 Census declared having Mexican ancestry. However, as of recent years in the 2010s, the net migration rate reached 0, given the strong economy of Mexico, and a weakening American economy, causing many of its former residents to return. However, Mexico itself constitutes the second country of total number of immigrants to the United States from 1830 to 2000, after Germany.