Demographics of Greece

Population	10,955,000 (2015 est.)
Growth rate	-1.01 people/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Birth rate	9.45 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Death rate	10.51 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
Life expectancy	79.66 years
• male	77.11 years
• female	82.37 years (2010 est.)
Fertility rate	1.42 children born/woman (2011 est.)
Infant mortality rate	4.92 deaths per 1,000 live births (2012 est.)
0–14 years	14.4%
15–64 years	66.6%
65 and over	19.0%
At birth	1.06 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Under 15	1.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years	1.00 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.78 male(s)/female
Nationality	noun: Greek(s) adjective: Greek
Major ethnic	Greeks
Minor ethnic	Albanians, Roma, Turks, Bulgarians and Pomaks,Romanians, Russians, Georgians and Armenians
Official	Greek
Spoken	Greek (Majority), Arvanitika, Macedonian/Bulgarian, Pomak, Aromanian, Turkish

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Greece, including ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

The Demographics of Greece refer to the demography of the population that inhabits the Greek peninsula. The population of Greece was estimated by the United Nations to 10,955,000 in 2015.

Greece was inhabited as early as the Paleolithic period. Prior to the 2nd millennium BC, the Greek peninsula was inhabited by various pre-Hellenic peoples, the most notable of which were the Pelasgians. The Greek language ultimately dominated the peninsula and Greece's mosaic of small city-states became culturally similar. The population estimates on the Greeks during the 4th century BC, is approximately 3.5 million on the Greek peninsula and 4 to 6.5 million in the rest of the entire Mediterranean Basin, including all colonies such as those in Magna Graecia, Asia Minor and the shores of the Black Sea.

During the history of the Byzantine Empire, the Greek peninsula was occasionally invaded by the foreign peoples like Goths, Avars, Slavs, Normans, Franks and other Romance-speaking peoples who had betrayed the Crusades. The only group, however, that planned to establish permanent settlements in the region were the Slavs. They settled in isolated valleys of the Peloponnese and Thessaly, establishing segregated communities that were referred by the Byzantines as Sclaveni. Traces of Slavic culture in Greece are very rare and by the 9th century, the Sclaveni in Greece were largely assimilated. However, some Slavic communities managed to survive in rural Macedonia. At the same time a large Sephardi Jewish emigrant community from the Iberian peninsula established itself in Thessaloniki, while there were population movements of Arvanites and Vlachs, who established communities in several parts of the Greek peninsula. The Byzantine Empire ultimately fell to Ottoman Turks in the 15th century and as a result Ottoman colonies were established in the Balkans, notably in Macedonia, the Peloponnese and Crete. Many Greeks either fled to other European nations or to geographically isolated areas (i.e. mountains and heavily forested territories) in order to escape foreign rule. For those reasons, the population decreased in the plains, while increasing on the mountains. The population transfers with Bulgaria and Turkey that took place in the early 20th century, added in total some two million Greeks from to the demography of the Greek Kingdom.

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