Decabromodiphenyl ether
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| Names | |
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IUPAC name
2,3,4,5,6-Pentabromo-1-(2,3,4,5,6-
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| Other names
DecaBDE, Deca-BDE, BDE-209
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (Jmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.013.277 |
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PubChem CID
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| RTECS number | KN3525000 |
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| Properties | |
| C12Br10O | |
| Molar mass | 959.17 g/mol |
| Appearance | White or pale yellow solid |
| Density | 3.364 g/cm3 solid |
| Melting point | 294 to 296 °C (561 to 565 °F; 567 to 569 K) |
| Boiling point | 425 °C (797 °F; 698 K) (decomposition) |
| 20-30 µg/litre | |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Xn |
| Safety data sheet | [2] |
| R-phrases (outdated) | |
| S-phrases (outdated) | |
| NFPA 704 | |
| Flash point | 241 °C (466 °F; 514 K) |
| Related compounds | |
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Related polybrominated diphenyl ethers
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pentabromodiphenyl ether, octabromodiphenyl ether |
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Related compounds
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Diphenyl ether |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Decabromodiphenyl ether (also known as decaBDE, deca-BDE, DBDE, deca, decabromodiphenyl oxide, DBDPO, or bis(pentabromophenyl) ether) is a brominated flame retardant which belongs to the group of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).
Commercial decaBDE is a technical mixture of different PBDE congeners, with PBDE congener number 209 (decabromodiphenyl ether) and nonabromodiphenyl ether being the most common. The term decaBDE alone refers to only decabromodiphenyl ether, the single "fully brominated" PBDE.
DecaBDE is a flame retardant. The chemical "is always used in conjunction with antimony trioxide" in polymers, mainly in "high impact polystyrene (HIPS) which is used in the television industry for cabinet backs." DecaBDE is also used for "polypropylene drapery and upholstery fabric" by means of backcoating and "may also be used in some synthetic carpets."
The annual demand worldwide was estimated as 56,100 tonnes in 2001, of which the Americas accounted for 24,500 tonnes, Asia 23,000 tonnes, and Europe 7,600 tonnes. In 2012 between 2500 and 5000 metric tonnes of Deca-BDE was sold in Europe. As of 2007, Albemarle in the U.S., Chemtura in the U.S., ICL-IP in Israel, and Tosoh Corporation in Japan are the main manufacturers of DecaBDE.
As stated in a 2006 review, "Deca-BDE has long been characterized as an environmentally stable and inert product that was not capable of degradation in the environment, not toxic, and therefore of no concern." However, "some scientists had not particularly believed that Deca-BDE was so benign, particularly as evidence to this effect came largely from the industry itself." One problem in studying the chemical was that "the detection of Deca-BDE in environmental samples is difficult and problematic"; only in the late 1990s did "analytical advances... allow[] detection at much lower concentrations."
DecaBDE is released by different processes into the environment, such as emissions from manufacture of decaBDE-containing products and from the products themselves. Elevated concentrations can be found in air, water, soil, food, sediment, sludge, and dust. A 2006 study concluded "in general, environmental concentrations of BDE-209 [i.e., decaBDE] appear to be increasing."
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