Pentabromodiphenyl ether

Pentabromodiphenyl ether

Names
IUPAC names 1,2,4-tribromo-5-(2,4-dibromophenoxy) benzene
Other names PentaBDE, Penta-BDE, PeBDE, penta, PBDPO
Identifiers
CAS Number	32534-81-9 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:81582 N
ChemSpider	33255 N
ECHA InfoCard	100.046.425
EC Number	251-084-2
KEGG	C18203 N
PubChem	36159
UNII	D3A2T91I1E N
InChI InChI=1S/C12H5Br5O/c13-6-1-2-11(9(16)3-6)18-12-5-8(15)7(14)4-10(12)17/h1-5H N Key: WHPVYXDFIXRKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N InChI=1/C12H5Br5O/c13-6-1-2-11(9(16)3-6)18-12-5-8(15)7(14)4-10(12)17/h1-5H Key: WHPVYXDFIXRKLN-UHFFFAOYAV
SMILES c1cc(c(cc1Br)Br)Oc2cc(c(cc2Br)Br)Br
Properties
Chemical formula	C12H5Br5O
Molar mass	564.69 g/mol
Appearance	amber solid or coarse white powder
Solubility in water	not soluble
Hazards
R-phrases	R48/21/22, R50/53, R64
S-phrases	(S1/2), S36/37, S45, S60, S61
Related compounds
Related polybrominated diphenyl ethers	octabromodiphenyl ether, decabromodiphenyl ether
Related compounds	diphenylether
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Pentabromodiphenyl ether (also known as pentabromodiphenyl oxide) is a brominated flame retardant which belongs to the group of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Because of their toxicity and persistence, their industrial production is to be eliminated under the , a treaty to control and phase out major persistent organic pollutants (POP).

Commercial pentaBDE is a technical mixture of different PBDE congeners, with BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'- tetrabromodiphenyl ether) and BDE-99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether, pictured in the Infobox) as the most abundant. The term pentaBDE alone refers to isomers of pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE congener numbers 82-127).

Only congeners with more than 1% listed.

Commercial pentaBDE is most commonly used as a flame retardant in flexible polyurethane foam; it was also used in printed circuit boards in Asia, and in other applications. The annual demand worldwide was estimated as 7,500 tonnes in 2001, of which the Americas accounted for 7,100 tonnes, Europe 150 tonnes, and Asia 150 tonnes. The global industrial demand increased from 4,000 tonnes annually in 1991 to 8,500 tonnes annually in 1999. As of 2007, "there should be no current production of C-PentaBDE [commercial pentaBDE] in Europe, Japan, Canada, Australia and the US"; however, it is possible that production continues elsewhere in the world.

PentaBDE is released by different processes into the environment, such as emissions from manufacture of pentaBDE-containing products and from the products themselves. Elevated concentrations can be found in air, water, soil, food, sediment, sludge, and dust.

PentaBDE may enter the body by ingestion or inhalation. It is "stored mainly in body fat" and may stay in the body for years. A 2007 study found that PBDE 47 (a tetraBDE) and PBDE 99 (a pentaBDE) had biomagnification factors in terrestrial carnivores and humans of 98, higher than any other industrial chemicals studied. In an investigation carried out by the WWF, "the brominated flame retardant chemical (PBDE 153), which is a component of the penta- and octa- brominated diphenyl ether flame retardant products" was found in all blood samples of 14 ministers of health and environment of 13 European Union countries.