Convoy SC 107

Convoy SC 107
Part of Battle of the St. Lawrence, Battle of the Atlantic
RCAF Lockheed Hudson, like the one that sank U-658
Date 29 October–4 November 1942 Location North Atlantic Result German tactical victory
Belligerents
United Kingdom Canada	Nazi Germany
Commanders and leaders
VADM B C Watson LCDR D.W. Piers RCN	Admiral Karl Dönitz
Strength
39 freighters 2 destroyers 6 corvettes	17 submarines
Casualties and losses
15 freighters sunk (83,790GRT) 150 killed/drowned	2 submarines sunk 100 killed/drowned (3 sunk, if counting U-520 before the subs attacked)

Convoy SC 107 was the 107th of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island to Liverpool. The ships departed New York City on 24 October 1942 and were found and engaged by a wolfpack of U-boats which sank fifteen ships. It was the heaviest loss of ships from any trans-Atlantic convoy through the winter of 1942-43. The attack included one of the largest non-nuclear man-made explosions in history, when U-132 torpedoed ammunition ships SS Hobbema and SS Hatimura (both were sunk, one exploded), with the German submarine also destroyed by the ensuing explosion.

As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the "Second Happy Time", Admiral Karl Dönitz, the Befehlshaber der U-Boote (BdU) or commander in chief of U-Boats, shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search for convoys with the advantage of intelligence gained through B-Dienst decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3. However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943 lost ships to U-boat attack.

B-Dienst decrypted message traffic detailing routing and composition of convoy SC 107, and fifteen U-boats of wolfpack Veilchen (violet) were deployed to intercept it. The convoy was found and reported by U-522 on 29 October as the Western Local Escort Force turned the convoy over to Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group C-4 consisting of the Canadian River class destroyer HMCS Restigouche with the Flower class corvettes HMCS Amherst, HMCS Arvida, HMCS Sherbrooke, HMS Celandine, HMCS Algoma, HMCS Moosejaw, and the Convoy rescue ship Stockport.Restigouche obtained an HF/DF bearing when U-522 sent the first convoy contact report at 16:24, and the convoy made a course change after dark in the hope of evading the shadowing U-boat. As wolfpack Veilchen assembled to intercept the convoy, U-520 was sunk by a No. 10 Squadron RCAF Digby bomber, and U-658 was sunk by a RCAF Lockheed Hudson.U-438 found the convoy and assumed shadowing responsibility from U-522.

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Wikipedia