Conventional name

An exonym or xenonym is an external name for a geographical place, or a group of people, an individual person, or a language or dialect. It is a common name used only outside the place, group, or linguistic community in question, usually for historical reasons.

An endonym or autonym is an internal name for a geographical place, or a group of people, or a language or dialect. It is a common name used only inside the place, group, or linguistic community in question; it is their name for themselves, their homeland, or their language.

For instance, "Germany" is the English language exonym, "" is the French language exonym, and "" is the endonym for the same country in Europe.

Marcel Aurousseau, an Australian geographer, first used the term exonym in his work The Rendering of Geographical Names (1957). Endonym was devised subsequently as a direct antonym of exonym.

All four of these terms are from the Greek root word suffix -ónoma ὄνομα ("name") . The first parts are from ἔνδον, éndon, "within"; αὐτο-, auto-, "self"; ἔξω éxō ("out"); and ξένος- xénos ("foreign").

and can be names of places (toponym), ethnic groups (ethnonym), languages (), or individuals (personal name).

As pertains to geographical features, the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names defines:

For example, China, Egypt, and Germany are the English-language exonyms corresponding to the endonyms Zhongguo, Masr, and Deutschland, respectively. Chinese, Arabic, and German are exonyms in English for the languages that are endonymously known as "Zhongwen", "al-Arabiyah", and "Deutsch", respectively.

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