Communist Afghanistan
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Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–87) جمهوری دمکراتی افغانستان Jumhūri-ye Dimukrātī-ye Afghānistān دافغانستان دمکراتی جمهوریت Dǝ Afġānistān Dimukratī Jumhūriyat Republic of Afghanistan (1987–92) |
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| جمهوری افغانستان Jumhūrī-ye Afġānistān د افغانستان جمهوریت Dǝ Afġānistān Jumhūriyat |
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Motto کارگران جهان متحد شوید (Dari) kârgarân-e jahân mottahed šavid! (transliteration) (Working men of all nations, unite!) |
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Anthem Soroud-e-Melli "National Anthem" |
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| Capital | Kabul | |||||||||
| Languages |
Dari Pashto |
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| Government | Unitary republic See Political system below |
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| General Secretary | ||||||||||
| • | 1978–1979 | Nur Muhammad Taraki (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1986–1992 | Mohammad Najibullah (last) | ||||||||
| Head of State | ||||||||||
| • | 1978–1979 | Nur Muhammad Taraki (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1992 | Abdul Rahim Hatif (last) | ||||||||
| Head of Government | ||||||||||
| • | 1978–1979 | Nur Muhammad Taraki (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1990–1992 | Fazal Haq Khaliqyar (last) | ||||||||
| Legislature | Revolutionary Council | |||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | |||||||||
| • | Saur Revolution | 27–28 April 1978 | ||||||||
| • | Government established | 30 April 1978 | ||||||||
| • | Soviet intervention | 27 December 1979 | ||||||||
| • | Soviet withdrawal | 15 February 1989 | ||||||||
| • | Fall of Kabul | 28 April 1992 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1992 | 647,500 km² (250,001 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1992 est. | 13,811,900 | ||||||||
| Density | 21.3 /km² (55.2 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency | Afghani (AFA) | |||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Afghanistan
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Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Afġānistān), officially the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA; Dari: جمهوری دمکراتی افغانستان, Jumhūri-ye Dimukrātī-ye Afġānistān; Pashto: دافغانستان دمکراتی جمهوریت, Dǝ Afġānistān Dimukratī Jumhūriyat), renamed in 1987 to the Republic of Afghanistan (Dari: جمهوری افغانستان; Jumhūrī-ye Afġānistān; Pashto: د افغانستان جمهوریت, Dǝ Afġānistān Jumhūriyat), existed from 1978 to 1992 and covers the period when the socialist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) ruled Afghanistan. The PDPA came to power through a coup known as the Saur Revolution, which ousted the government of Mohammad Daoud Khan. Daoud was succeeded by Nur Muhammad Taraki as head of state and government on 30 April 1978. Taraki and Hafizullah Amin, the organiser of the Saur Revolution, introduced several contentious reforms during their rule, the most notable being equal rights to women, universal education and land reform. Soon after taking power a power struggle began between the Khalqists led by Taraki and Amin and the Parchamites led by Babrak Karmal. The Khalqists won and the Parcham faction was purged from the party. The most prominent Parcham leaders were exiled to the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union.
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