Clemens Vonnegut Sr.

Clemens Vonnegut, Sr. (November 20, 1824 – December 13, 1906) was a German emigrant to the United States and successful businessman. He was the patriarch of the prominent German-American Vonnegut clan (later Schnull-Vonnegut) of Indiana – he was the father and grandfather of architects Bernard Vonnegut I and Kurt Vonnegut, Sr., respectively, and great-grandfather of scientist Bernard Vonnegut and author Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.

Vonnegut was born in Münster, Westphalia, to a tax collector father who was an official for the Duke of Westphalia. He was educated in Hanover to the equivalent of a bachelor's degree, speaking French and German fluently and having familiarity with Latin and Greek. He was raised Roman Catholic but rejected organized religion, claiming at one point to be an atheist and later a freethinker. Instead of continuing his university education to Ph.D. level, he decided to work as a salesman for a textile firm in Amsterdam. In 1848, at the age of 24, he emigrated to the United States, and arrived in Indianapolis in 1850. Another source states that he arrived in New York City in the summer of 1851.

In Indiana he formed Vollmer & Vonnegut retail hardware and sundry merchandise store with a German immigrant named Charles Vollmer (who left for the Wild West in 1852). After 1852, the firm was renamed Vonnegut Hardware Company, and remained under his family's control after his death.

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