Chloramine
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Other names
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| Properties | |
| NH 2Cl |
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| Molar mass | 51.476 g mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless gas |
| Melting point | −66 °C (−87 °F; 207 K) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 14 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 15 |
| Related compounds | |
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Related amines
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chloramines are derivatives of ammonia by substitution of one, two or three hydrogen atoms with chlorine atoms: monochloramine (chloroamine, NH2Cl), dichloramine (NHCl2), and nitrogen trichloride (NCl3). The term chloramine also refers to a family of organic compounds with the formulas R2NCl and RNCl2 (R is an organic group).
Monochloramine (chloramine) is an inorganic compound with the formula NH2Cl. It is an unstable colorless liquid at its melting point of −66 °C, but it is usually handled as a dilute aqueous solution, in which form it is sometimes used as a disinfectant.
The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 13.80 to 18.41 USD per 500 gms.
Chloramine is used as a disinfectant for water because it is less aggressive than chlorine and more stable against light than hypochlorites.
NH2Cl is commonly used in low concentrations as a secondary disinfectant in municipal water distribution systems as an alternative to chlorination. This application is increasing. Chlorine (referred to in water treatment as free chlorine) is being displaced by chloramine—to be specific monochloramine—which is much more stable and does not dissipate as rapidly as free chlorine. NH2Cl also has a very much lower, however still present, tendency than free chlorine to convert organic materials into chlorocarbons such as chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Such compounds have been identified as carcinogens and in 1979 the United States Environmental Protection Agency began regulating their levels in U.S. drinking water.
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