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Camphor

Camphor
Structural formula of (R) and (S)-camphor
(R)- (left) and (S)-camphor
Ball and stick model of camphor (both enantiomers).
Names
IUPAC name
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
Systematic IUPAC name
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
Other names
2-Bornanone; Bornan-2-one; 2-Camphanone; Formosa
Identifiers
76-22-2 YesY
21368-68-3 N
464-49-3 (R) N
464-48-2 (S) N
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
Interactive image
3DMet B04729
1907611
ChEBI CHEBI:36773 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL504760 N
ChemSpider 2441 YesY
7822160 (R) YesY
9655 (S) YesY
DrugBank DB01744 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.860
EC Number 200-945-0
83275
2422
KEGG D00098 YesY
MeSH Camphor
PubChem 2537
9543187 (R)
10050 (S)
RTECS number EX1225000
UNII 5TJD82A1ET YesY
UN number 2717
Properties
C10H16O
Molar mass 152.24 g·mol−1
Appearance White, translucent crystals
Odor fragrant and penetrating
Density 0.992 g cm−3
Melting point 175 to 177 °C (347 to 351 °F; 448 to 450 K)
Boiling point 209 °C (408 °F; 482 K)
1.2 g dm−3
Solubility in acetone ~2500 g dm−3
Solubility in acetic acid ~2000 g dm−3
Solubility in diethyl ether ~2000 g dm−3
Solubility in chloroform ~1000 g dm−3
Solubility in ethanol ~1000 g dm−3
log P 2.089
Vapor pressure 4 mmHg (at 70 °C)
+44.1°
-103·10−6 cm3/mol
Pharmacology
C01EB02 (WHO)
Hazards
Highly Flammable FHarmful Xn
R-phrases R11 R22 R36/37/38
S-phrases S16 S26
NFPA 704
Flammability code 2: Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point between 38 and 93 °C (100 and 200 °F). E.g., diesel fuel Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point 54 °C (129 °F; 327 K)
466 °C (871 °F; 739 K)
Explosive limits 0.6%-3.5%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 1310 mg/kg (oral, mouse)
800 mg/kg (dog, oral)
2000 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
400 mg/m3 (mouse, 3 hr)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 2 mg/m3
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 2 mg/m3
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 200 mg/m3
Related compounds
Related Ketones
Fenchone, Thujone
Related compounds
 Camphene, Pinene, Borneol, Isoborneol, Camphorsulfonic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Camphor (/ˈkæmfər/) is a waxy, flammable, white or transparent solid with a strong aroma. It is a terpenoid with the chemical formula C10H16O. It is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), a large evergreen tree found in Asia (particularly in Sumatra, Indonesia and Borneo) and also of the unrelated kapur tree, a tall timber tree from the same region. It also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably Ocotea usambarensis. The oil in rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis), in the mint family, contains 10 to 20% camphor, while camphorweed (Heterotheca) only contains some 5%. Camphor can also be synthetically produced from oil of turpentine. It is used for its scent, as an ingredient in cooking (mainly in India), as an embalming fluid, for medicinal purposes, and in religious ceremonies. A major source of camphor in Asia is camphor basil (the parent of African blue basil).


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