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Cadmium chloride

Cadmium chloride
Ball-and-stick model of cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride in polyhedron shape
Cadmium chloride hemipentahydrate
Names
IUPAC name
Cadmium dichloride
Other names
Cadmium(II) chloride
Identifiers
10108-64-2 YesY
34330-64-8 (monohydrate) N
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:35456 YesY
ChemSpider 23035 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.256
EC Number 233-296-7
PubChem 24947
RTECS number EV0175000
UNII J6K4F9V3BA YesY
UN number 2570
Properties
CdCl2
Molar mass 183.31 g·mol−1
Appearance White solid, hygroscopic
Odor Odorless
Density 4.047 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
3.327 g/cm3 (Hemipentahydrate)
Melting point 568 °C (1,054 °F; 841 K)
at 760 mmHg
Boiling point 964 °C (1,767 °F; 1,237 K)
at 760 mmHg
Hemipentahydrate:
79.5 g/100 mL (−10 °C)
90 g/100 mL (0 °C)
Monohydrate:
119.6 g/100 mL (25 °C)
134.3 g/100 mL (40 °C)
134.2 g/100 mL (60 °C)
147 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility Soluble in alcohol, selenium(IV) oxychloride, benzonitrile
Insoluble in ether, acetone
Solubility in pyridine 4.6 g/kg (0 °C)
7.9 g/kg (4 °C)
8.1 g/kg (15 °C)
6.7 g/kg (30 °C)
5 g/kg (100 °C)
Solubility in ethanol 1.3 g/100 g (10 °C)
1.48 g/100 g (20 °C)
1.91 g/100 g (40 °C)
2.53 g/100 g (70 °C)
Solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide 18 g/100 g (25 °C)
Vapor pressure 0.01 kPa (471 °C)
0.1 kPa (541 °C)
−6.87·10−5 cm3/mol
Viscosity 2.31 cP (597 °C)
1.87 cP (687 °C)
Structure
Rhombohedral, hR9 (anhydrous)
Monoclinic (hemipentahydrate)
R3m, No. 166 (anhydrous)
3 2/m (anhydrous)
a = 3.846 Å, c = 17.479 Å (anhydrous)
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°
Thermochemistry
74.7 J/mol·K
115.3 J/mol·K
−391.5 kJ/mol
−343.9 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet External MSDS
GHS pictograms The skull-and-crossbones pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)The health hazard pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)The environment pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word Danger
H301, H330, H340, H350, H360, H372, H410
P210, P260, P273, P284, P301+310, P310
Very Toxic T+ Dangerous for the Environment (Nature) N
Carc. Cat. 2
Muta. Cat. 2
Repr. Cat. 2
R-phrases R45, R46, R60, R61, R25, R26, R48/23/25, R50/53
S-phrases S53, S45, S60, S61
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oil Health code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g., chlorine gas Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 94 mg/kg (rats, oral)
60 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
88 mg/kg (rat, oral)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
 [1910.1027] TWA 0.005 mg/m3 (as Cd)
REL (Recommended)
 Ca
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 Ca [9 mg/m3 (as Cd)]
Related compounds
Other anions
Cadmium fluoride
Cadmium bromide
Cadmium iodide
Other cations
Zinc chloride
Mercury(II) chloride
Calcium chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Cadmium chloride is a white crystalline compound of cadmium and chlorine, with the formula CdCl2. It is a hygroscopic solid that is highly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. Although it is considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding. The crystal structure of cadmium chloride (described below), composed of two-dimensional layers of ions, is a reference for describing other crystal structures. Also known are CdCl2•H2O and CdCl2•5H2O.

Cadmium chloride forms crystals with rhombohedral symmetry. Cadmium iodide, CdI2, has a very similar crystal structure to CdCl2. The individual layers in the two structures are identical, but in CdCl2 the chloride ions are arranged in a CCP lattice, whereas in CdI2 the iodide ions are arranged in an HCP lattice.

Cadmium chloride dissolves well in water and other polar solvents. In water, its high solubility is due in part to formation of complex ions such as [CdCl4]2−. Because of this behavior, CdCl2 is a mild Lewis acid.

With large cations, it is possible to isolate the trigonal bipyramidal [CdCl5]3− ion.

Anhydrous cadmium chloride can be prepared by the action of anhydrous chlorine or hydrogen chloride gas on heated cadmium metal.

Hydrochloric acid may be used to make hydrated CdCl2 from the metal, or from cadmium oxide or cadmium carbonate.


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