Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski
| General Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski |
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| President of the Republic of Poland | |
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In office 25 September 1939 – 26 September 1939 |
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| Preceded by | Ignacy Mościcki |
| Succeeded by | Władysław Raczkiewicz |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
22 July 1881 Maksymówka |
| Died | 1 July 1942 (aged 61) New York City, New York |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Spouse(s) | Stephania Calvas, Bronisława Wieniawa-Długoszowska |
Bolesław Ignacy Florian Wieniawa-Długoszowski (22 July 1881 – 1 July 1942) was a Polish general, military adjutant of Chief of State Józef Piłsudski, politician, diplomat, poet and an artist, as well as formally President of the Republic of Poland for one day.
Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski was born on 22 July 1881, in his family's estates in Maksymówka (near Stanisławów – now Ivano-Frankivsk). He was a son of a Polish nobleman Bolesław Długoszowski and Józefina Struszkiewicz.
In 1877 his family had moved to a palace on another family estate, in Bobowa. There Bolesław spent his early life. He attended a gymnasium in Lwów, where he was one of the best students. Subsequently he moved to a school in Nowy Sącz. There, in 1900, he passed his graduation exams. Afterward he studied medicine at Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów, gaining a special diploma with high distinction.
After his studies he moved to Berlin where he spent a year studying at the Berlin Academy of Arts. After finishing his degree there he moved to Paris, where he worked as a private doctor. In 1911 he was one of the founders of The Union of Polish Artists (Towarzystwo Artystów Polskich). He also joined the Riflemen's Association (Związek Strzelecki "Strzelec"). There he met Józef Piłsudski.
In 1914 he moved to Kraków and joined the First Cadre Company which fought on the Austro-Hungarian side against Russia. In October 1914 he became a commander of a platoon of a squadron in 1 Pułk Ułanów Legionów Polskich. During the fighting in 1914–1915 he was promoted to lieutenant, and after the war he was awarded the V-Class Virtuti Militari. In August 1915 he moved to the special group in Warsaw. Soon he became an aide-de-camp to Józef Piłsudski. In 1918, while on a mission to Russia, he was arrested by the Soviet Cheka as a member of the Polish Military Organisation. He was freed after several months.
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