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Bernhard Riemann

Bernhard Riemann
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann.jpeg
Bernhard Riemann in 1863.
Born Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann
17 September 1826
Breselenz, Kingdom of Hanover (modern-day Germany)
Died 20 July 1866(1866-07-20) (aged 39)
Selasca, Kingdom of Italy
Residence Kingdom of Hanover
Nationality German
Fields
Institutions University of Göttingen
Alma mater
Thesis Grundlagen für eine allgemeine Theorie der Funktionen einer veränderlichen complexen Größe (1851)
Doctoral advisor Carl Friedrich Gauss
Other academic advisors
Notable students Gustav Roch
Known for See list
Influences J. P. G. L. Dirichlet
Signature

Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (German: [ˈʀiːman]; 17 September 1826 – 20 July 1866) was a German mathematician who made contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry. In the field of real analysis, he is mostly known for the first rigorous formulation of the integral, the Riemann integral, and his work on Fourier series. His contributions to complex analysis include most notably the introduction of Riemann surfaces, breaking new ground in a natural, geometric treatment of complex analysis. His famous 1859 paper on the prime-counting function, containing the original statement of the Riemann hypothesis, is regarded, although it is his only paper in the field, as one of the most influential papers in analytic number theory. Through his pioneering contributions to differential geometry, Bernhard Riemann laid the foundations of the mathematics of general relativity.

Riemann was born on September 17, 1826 in Breselenz, a village near Dannenberg in the Kingdom of Hanover in what is the Federal Republic of Germany today. His father, Friedrich Bernhard Riemann, was a poor Lutheran pastor in Breselenz who fought in the Napoleonic Wars. His mother, Charlotte Ebell, died before her children had reached adulthood. Riemann was the second of six children, shy and suffering from numerous nervous breakdowns. Riemann exhibited exceptional mathematical skills, such as calculation abilities, from an early age but suffered from timidity and a fear of speaking in public.


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