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Bencoolen (city)

Bengkulu City
City
Other transcription(s)
 • Rejangese ꤷꥍꤲ꥓ꤰꥈꤾꥈ
Front gate of Fort Marlborough, Bengkulu 2015-04-19 02.jpg Masjid Agung.jpg
Exile house of Sukarno, Bengkulu 2015-04-19 06.jpg Thomas Parr Monument, Bengkulu, 2015-04-19 01.jpg
Bengkulu City and Fort Marlborough.jpg
Clockwise from top left : Fort Marlborough, At-Taqwa Grand Mosque, Thomas Parr Monument, Aerial view of Bengkulu City, and Bung Karno Seclusion House
Coat of arms of Bengkulu City
Coat of arms
Location within Bengkulu Province
Location within Bengkulu Province
Bengkulu City is located in Sumatra
Bengkulu City
Bengkulu City
Bengkulu City is located in Indonesia
Bengkulu City
Bengkulu City
Location in Sumatra and Indonesia
Coordinates: 3°47′44″S 102°15′33″E / 3.79556°S 102.25917°E / -3.79556; 102.25917Coordinates: 3°47′44″S 102°15′33″E / 3.79556°S 102.25917°E / -3.79556; 102.25917
Country  Indonesia
Province Bengkulu coa.png Bengkulu
Founded 18 March 1719
Government
 • Mayor Helmi Hasan
 • Vice Mayor Patriana Sosialinda
Area
 • Total 144.52 km2 (55.80 sq mi)
 • Land 144.52 km2 (55.80 sq mi)
Elevation 2 m (7 ft)
Population (2014)
 • Total 328,827
 • Density 2,300/km2 (5,900/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Ethnic groups Rejang
Malays
Serawai
Javanese
Batak
Minangkabau
Chinese
 • Religion Islam 95.43%
Christianity 2.96%
Catholic 0.81%
Buddhism 0.35%
Hinduism 0.06%
Confucianism 0.01%
Others 0.00%
Time zone Indonesia Western Time (UTC+7)
Area code (+62) 736
Website www.bengkulukota.go.id

Bengkulu City (Indonesian: Kota Bengkulu, Rejangese: ꤷꥍꤲ꥓ꤰꥈꤾꥈ, English historic name: Bencoolen, Dutch historic: Benkulen or Benkoelen) is a city on the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia.The city is the second largest city on the west coast of Sumatra Island after Padang . Previously this area is under the influence of the kingdom of Inderapura and the Sultanate of Banten. The city also became the exile of Sukarno during the period of 1939 - 1942. It had a population of 308,756 at the 2010 Census, the latest estimate (for January 2014) is 328,827. The city is the capital and largest city of Bengkulu Province.

The British East India Company founded Bengkulu (named Bencoolen by the British), in 1685, as their new commercial centre for the region. In the 17th century, the British East India Company controlled the spice trade in the Lampung region of southern Sumatra from a port in Banten, in the north west of the neighbouring island of Java. In 1682, a troop of the Dutch East India Company attacked Banten. The local crown prince submitted to the Dutch, who then recognised him as Sultan. The Dutch expelled all other Europeans present in Banten, leading the British to establish Bengkulu. In 1714, the British built Fort Marlborough at Bengkulu.

The trading centre was never financially viable, because of its remoteness and the difficulty in procuring pepper. Despite these difficulties, the British persisted, maintaining a presence there for over a century, ceding it to the Dutch as part of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 to focus their attention on Malacca. Edmund Roberts, the first U.S. envoy to the Far East, visited Bengkulu in 1832. Like the rest of present-day Indonesia, Bengkulu remained a Dutch colony until World War II.


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