Battle of Sipe-Sipe

Battle of Sipe-Sipe
Part of Bolivian War of Independence Argentine War of Independence
Initial situation of both armies before the battle
Date November 28, 1815 Location Bolivia 17°27′22.06″S 66°20′52.11″W / 17.4561278°S 66.3478083°W / -17.4561278; -66.3478083Coordinates: 17°27′22.06″S 66°20′52.11″W / 17.4561278°S 66.3478083°W / -17.4561278; -66.3478083 Result Decisive Royalist victory
Belligerents
United Provinces of South America Republiquetas	Spanish Empire
Commanders and leaders
José Rondeau	Joaquín de la Pezuela
Strength
3,000 to 3,500 9 field guns	5,100 23 field guns
Casualties and losses
2,000 killed, wounded or captured 9 cannons lost	32 killed 198 wounded
Location within Bolivia

The Battle of Sipe-Sipe (also known as Battle of Viluma among Spanish historians) was a major battle in the South American wars of independence in which the United Provinces of Río de la Plata (formerly the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata) were decisively defeated by Spanish royalist forces in Upper Peru (now Bolivia). The battle took place on November 29, 1815, and resulted in the loss of Upper Peru for Buenos Aires. The area was reannexed by the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru.

The Army of the North has been under the command of José de San Martín, but for health reasons he asked to be relieved. He was replaced by José Rondeau. At the time of the third campaign in Upper Peru (the first two had been beaten off), General Carlos María de Alvear was named by Supreme Director Ignacio Álvarez Thomas to replace Rondeau. However Rondeau's officers revolted, and communicated to him that they would obey only his orders. Rondeau, now in revolt himself, accepted the officers' proposal and remained in charge.

General Martín Miguel de Güemes, a rival of Rondeau, withdrew the support of his Gauchos and retired to Salta, taking with him the part of the army that was in Jujuy. After a successful battle in April at Puesto del Marquéz, near today's border between Bolivia and Argentina, Rondeau's army reached Potosí by June and Chayanta by September. In October, an attempt to overrun a small Royalist garrison at Venta y Media ended in defeat. Undeterred, the Army of the North occupied Cochabamba.