Battle of Dhū-Qār

Battle of Dhi Qar معركة ذي قار
Date 609 Location Sasanian Empire (modern Dhi Qar, south of Iraq) Result Arab victory
Belligerents
Sassanid Persia Pro-Sasanian Arabs	Arab tribesmen of Bakr ibn Wa'il
Commanders and leaders
Iyas ibn Qabisah al-Ta'i Hamrez al-Tasatturi Al-Nu'man bin Zara'a Khalid bin Yazid al-Buhrani Khanabarin Hamarz Hormuzan	Hani' bin Qubaisah Hantala bin Tha'laba al-Ajli Abd Amr bin Bashar al-Dhubai'y Jabala bin Ba'ith al-Yashkury Al-Harith bin Wa'la al-Thahli Al-Harith bin Rabi'a al-Taimi
Strength
2,000 Persian soldiers, with 3,000 Arabs	Unknown
Casualties and losses
Many

The Battle of Dhi Qar (Arabic,يوم ذي قار) was a pre-Islamic battle fought between Arabs in southern Iraq and a Sassanid Persian army, c. 609.

Dhi Qar, watering place near Kufa in Sasanian Empire (modern Iraq) was a battle ground that was fought between Arab tribesmen and Persian forces in the early 7th century. In the 6th century, the Sasanians relied on the Arab Lakhmids, with its capital at Al-Hirah in Iraq, for defense of their southwestern frontier against incursions by Arab tribes. Nevertheless, in the second half of the century, Arab tribes sometimes defeated Lakhmid forces and also attacked Persian caravans. In 602, Khosrow II Parvēz imprisoned the Lakhmid king Numan III and abolished the dynasty, appointing Iyas ibn Qabisah al-Ta'i, an Arab of the tribe of Tayy, as governor. Subsequently, at an indeterminate date, an open clash between the Persians and their Arab auxiliaries, on one hand, and Arab tribesmen, on the other, occurred at Dhi Qar. According to certain Muslim traditions, the battle took place in the year 623 or 624. Modern scholars have narrowed this range to 604-11. Other resources say 571.

In the Arab sources the Persian force is numbered at 2,000 soldiers, with 3,000 Arabs led by Iyas ibn Qabisah. The Arab force opposing the Persians, with their Arab auxiliaries, was from the Bakr ibn Wa'il, a large tribal confederation whose territory extended from southwestern Iraq into the eastern Arabian peninsula. The most prominent constituent tribe was the Banu Shayban, the other groups being the Banu 'Ijl, Banū Zohl, Banu Qays ben Thalaba, Banu Taym Allah ben Thalaba, and Banu Yashkor. These groups do not seem to have coordinated their efforts on the battlefield, nor did they have a single commander in chief. Rather, leadership seems to have shifted among various warriors. Nevertheless, the Banu Bakr defeated the combined Persian and Arab forces.

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