Hormuzan
| Hormuzan | |
|---|---|
| Born | Mihragan-kadag, Media, Iran |
| Died | 644 Medina, Arabia |
| Allegiance |
 Sasanian Empire
|
| Service/branch | Sasanian army |
| Rank | Shahrdar (governor) |
Hormuzan (Middle Persian: Hormazdān, New Persian: هرمزان) was an Iranian aristocrat who served as the governor of Khuzestan, and was one of the Sasanian military officers at the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah. He was later taken prisoner by the Muslims after the fall of Shushtar in 642. Two years later, he was accused of the assassination of the Rashidun caliph Umar, and was killed by 'Ubaid-Allah, the deceased caliph's son.
Hormuzan was a wealthy aristocrat native to Mihragan-kadag, a district in Media, and was from one of the seven Parthian clans of the Sasanian Empire. He had a brother named Shahriyar, who was the governor of Susa. According to some sources, Hormuzan was the brother-in-law of Khosrau II (r. 590–628) and the maternal uncle of Kavadh II (r. 628), but this is most likely wrong, since Kavadh's mother was a Byzantine princess named Maria. According to Pourshariati, Hormuzan may have belonged to a Persian family instead of a Parthian one. Although his origin is disputed, it is known that he was part of the Parsig (Persian) faction which played a major role in Sasanian politics and is first mentioned in 628. He ruled his birthplace Mihragan-kadag as a part of his family domain, including all of Khuzestan, one of the richest provinces of the Sasanian Empire.
Hormuzan is first mentioned in 609 as one of the Sasanian officers at the Battle of Dhi Qar. The rebelling Arabs managed to defeat the Sasanians, but order was soon restored by Ruzbi, the governor (marzban) of al-Hira. In 628, Khosrau II was overthrown by his son Kavadh II, who crowned himself as shahanshah (king of kings) of the Sasanian Empire. Three days later, Kavadh ordered Mihr Hormozd to execute his father. In 632, after a period of coups and revolts, Yazdegerd III (r. 632–651) was crowned as king of the Sasanian Empire at Estakhr, an ancient Iranian city in Pars, where the Sasanian family founded their empire.
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