Baker's sugar

Sucrose

Names
IUPAC name (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Other names Sugar; Saccharose; α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside; β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside; β-(2S,3S,4S,5R)-fructofuranosyl-α-(1R,2R,3S,4S,5R)-glucopyranoside; α-(1R,2R,3S,4S,5R)-glucopyranosyl-β-(2S,3S,4S,5R)-fructofuranoside , dodecacarbon monodecahydrate ((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxapent-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxahexane-3,4,5-triol)
Identifiers
CAS Number	57-50-1 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:17992 Y
ChemSpider	5768 Y
DrugBank	DB02772 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.304
EC Number	200-334-9
IUPHAR/BPS	5411
PubChem CID	5988
RTECS number	WN6500000
UNII	C151H8M554 Y
InChI InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)8(18)9(19)11(21-4)23-12(3-15)10(20)7(17)5(2-14)22-12/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6-,7-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12+/m1/s1 Y Key: CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Y InChI=1/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)8(18)9(19)11(21-4)23-12(3-15)10(20)7(17)5(2-14)22-12/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6-,7-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12+/m1/s1
SMILES O1[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@@]2(O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)CO)CO
Properties
Chemical formula	C12H22O11
Molar mass	342.30 g/mol
Appearance	white solid
Density	1.587 g/cm3, solid
Melting point	None; decomposes at 186 °C (367 °F; 459 K)
Solubility in water	~2000 g/L (25 °C) (see table below)
log P	−3.76
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic
Space group	P21
Hazards
Safety data sheet	ICSC 1507
NFPA 704	1 0 0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	29700 mg/kg (oral, rat)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 15 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 10 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	N.D.
Related compounds
Related compounds	Lactose Maltose
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside; β-(2S,3S,4S,5R)-fructofuranosyl-α-(1R,2R,3S,4S,5R)-glucopyranoside; α-(1R,2R,3S,4S,5R)-glucopyranosyl-β-(2S,3S,4S,5R)-fructofuranoside
, dodecacarbon monodecahydrate

Sucrose is common table sugar. It is a disaccharide, a molecule composed of the two monosaccharides glucose and fructose. Although sucrose is found in plants, table sugar is a refined manufactured product. It has the formula C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.

For human consumption, sucrose is extracted, and refined, from either sugar cane or sugar beet. The modern sugar refinement processes involves bleaching, to remove residual color, and crystallization. Crystallization is a purification process which removes other substances, and which produces crystals of pure sucrose. These crystals are clear, odorless, and have a sweet taste. En masse, the crystals appear white.

Sugar is often an added ingredient in food production and food recipes. About 175 million metric tons of sugar were produced worldwide in 2013.

The word "sucrose" was coined in 1857 by the English chemist William Miller from the French sucre ("sugar") and the generic chemical suffix for sugars -ose. The abbreviated term Suc is often used for sucrose in scientific literature.

Saccharose is an obsolete name for sugars in general, especially sucrose. The name "saccharose" was coined in 1860 by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.

In sucrose, the components glucose and fructose are linked via an ether bond between C1 on the glucosyl subunit and C2 on the fructosyl unit. The bond is called a glycosidic linkage. Glucose exists predominantly as two isomeric "pyranoses" (α and β), but only one of these forms links to the fructose. Fructose itself exists as a mixture of "furanoses", each of which having α and β isomers, but only one particular isomer links to the glucosyl unit. What is notable about sucrose is that, unlike most disaccharides, the glycosidic bond is formed between the reducing ends of both glucose and fructose, and not between the reducing end of one and the nonreducing end of the other. This linkage inhibits further bonding to other saccharide units. Since it contains no anomeric hydroxyl groups, it is classified as a non-reducing sugar.