Azine

Azines are a functional class of organic compounds with the connectivity RR'C=N-N=CRR'. These compounds are the product of the condensation of hydrazine with ketones and aldehydes, although in practice they are often made by alternative routes.

The usual method of industrial production is the Peroxide process, starting from the ketone, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide.

In the laboratory, azines are typically prepared by the direct reaction of a carbonyl compound with hydrazine hydrate: the reaction is exothermic.

Azines characteristically undergo hydrolysis to hydrazines.

Azines have been used as precursors to hydrazones and diazo compounds.

The coordination chemistry of azines (as ligands) has also been studied.Acetone is used as a derivatize to hydrazine, through formation of acetone azine, for analysis by gas chromatography: the method has been used to determine trace levels of hydrazine in drinking water and pharmaceuticals.

Ketazines are also important intermediates in the industrial production of hydrazine hydrate by the Peroxide process. In the presence of an oxidant, ammonia and ketones react to give hydrazine via ketazine:

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