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Hydrazine hydrate

Hydrazine
Skeletal formula of hydrazine with all explicit hydrogens added
Spacefill model of hydrazine
Stereo, skeletal formula of hydrazine with all explicit hydrogens added
Ball and stick model of hydrazine
Sample of hydrazine hydrate.jpg
Hydrazine hydrate
Names
Systematic IUPAC name
Hydrazine
Other names
Diamine; Diazane; Tetrahydridodinitrogen (N—N)
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
3DMet B00770
878137
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.005.560
EC Number 206-114-9
190
KEGG
MeSH Hydrazine
PubChem CID
RTECS number MU7175000
UNII
UN number 2029
Properties
N
2H
4
Molar mass 32.0452 g mol−1
Appearance Colorless, fuming, oily liquid
Odor ammonia-like
Density 1.021 g cm−3
Melting point 2 °C; 35 °F; 275 K
Boiling point 114 °C; 237 °F; 387 K
miscible
log P 0.67
Vapor pressure 1 kP (at 30.7 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 8.10 (N2H5+)
Basicity (pKb) 5.90
1.46044 (at 22 °C)
Viscosity 0.876 cP
Structure
Triangular pyramidal at N
1.85 D
Thermochemistry
121.52 J K−1 mol−1
50.63 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet ICSC 0281
GHS pictograms The flame pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The corrosion pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The skull-and-crossbones pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The health hazard pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The environment pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word DANGER
H226, H301, H311, H314, H317, H331, H350, H410
P201, P261, P273, P280, P301+310, P305+351+338
Very Toxic T+ Dangerous for the Environment (Nature) N
R-phrases R45, R10, R23/24/25, R34, R43, R50/53
S-phrases S53, S45, S60, S61
NFPA 704
Flammability code 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g., propane Health code 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g., VX gas Reactivity code 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g., fluorine Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point 52 °C (126 °F; 325 K)
24 to 270 °C (75 to 518 °F; 297 to 543 K)
Explosive limits 1.8–99.99%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 59–60 mg/kg (oral in rats, mice)
260 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
630 ppm (rat, 1 hr)
570 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
252 ppm (mouse, 4 hr)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m3) [skin]
REL (Recommended)
 Ca C 0.03 ppm (0.04 mg/m3) [2-hour]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 Ca [50 ppm]
Related compounds
Other anions
tetrafluorohydrazine
hydrogen peroxide
diphosphane
diphosphorus tetraiodide
Other cations
organic hydrazines
Related Binary azanes
Ammonia
triazane
Related compounds
 diazene
triazene
tetrazene
diphosphene
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula N
2H
4 (also written H
2NNH
2). A simple pnictogen hydride, it is a colorless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Hydrazine is highly toxic and dangerously unstable unless handled in solution. As of 2000, approximately 120,000 tons of hydrazine hydrate (corresponding to a 64% solution of hydrazine in water by weight) were manufactured worldwide per year. Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams, but significant applications also include its uses as a precursor to polymerization catalysts and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels and to prepare the gas precursors used in air bags. Hydrazine is used within both nuclear and conventional electrical power plant steam cycles as an oxygen scavenger to control concentrations of dissolved oxygen in an effort to reduce corrosion. Anhydrous hydrazine is corrosive towards glass, in a manner similar to hydrofluoric acid.

Each H2N−N subunit is pyramidal in shape. The N−N single bond distance is 1.45 Å (145 pm), and the molecule adopts a gauche conformation. The rotational barrier is twice that of ethane. These structural properties resemble those of gaseous hydrogen peroxide, which adopts a "skewed" anticlinal conformation, and also experiences a strong rotational barrier.


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