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Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase

aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase
DOPA decarboxylase dimer 1JS3.png
Ribbon diagram of a DOPA decarboxylase dimer.
Identifiers
EC number 4.1.1.28
CAS number 9042-64-2
Databases
IntEnz IntEnz view
BRENDA BRENDA entry
ExPASy NiceZyme view
KEGG KEGG entry
MetaCyc metabolic pathway
PRIAM profile
PDB structures RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology AmiGO / EGO
DOPA decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase)
Identifiers
Symbol DDC
Entrez 1644
HUGO 2719
OMIM 107930
RefSeq NM_000790
UniProt P20711
Other data
EC number 4.1.1.28
Locus Chr. 7 p11

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC or AAAD), also known as DOPA decarboxylase, tryptophan decarboxylase, and 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase, is a lyase enzyme (EC 4.1.1.28).

AADC catalyzes several different decarboxylation reactions:

The enzyme uses pyridoxal phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, as a cofactor.

In normal dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter synthesis, AADC is not the rate-limiting step in either reaction. However, AADC becomes the rate-limiting step of dopamine synthesis in patients treated with L-DOPA (such as in Parkinson's disease), and the rate-limiting step of serotonin synthesis in people treated with 5-HTP (such as in mild depression or dysthymia). AADC is inhibited by carbidopa outside of the blood brain barrier to inhibit the premature conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine in the treatment of Parkinson's.

In humans, AADC is also the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of trace amines. Deficiency of AADC is associated with various symptoms as severe developmental delay, oculogyric crises and autonomic dysfunction. The molecular and clinical spectrum of AAAC deficiency is heterogeneous. The first case of AADC deficiency was described in twin brothers 1990. Patients can be treated with dopamine agonists, MAO inhibitors, and pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Clinical phenotype and response to treatment is variable and the long-term and functional outcome is unknown. To provide a basis for improving the understanding of the epidemiology, genotype/phenotype correlation and outcome of these diseases their impact on the quality of life of patients, and for evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic strategies a patient registry was established by the noncommercial International Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders (iNTD).


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Wikipedia

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