Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu
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His Grand Eminence The Duke of Richelieu COHS |
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Cardinal de Richelieu by Philippe de Champaigne (1642)
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| First Minister of State | |
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In office 12 August 1624 – 4 December 1642 |
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| Monarch | Louis XIII |
| Preceded by |
The Marquis of Ancre Vacant (1617–1624) |
| Succeeded by | Jules Mazarin |
| Governor of Brittany | |
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In office 17 April 1632 – 4 December 1642 |
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| Monarch | Louis XIII |
| Preceded by | |
| Succeeded by | Queen Anne |
| Grand Master of the Navigation | |
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In office 1626–1642 |
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| Monarch | Louis XIII |
| Preceded by | The Duke of Montmorency |
| Succeeded by | The Marquis of Brézé |
| Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs | |
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In office 30 November 1616 – 24 April 1617 |
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| Monarch | Louis XIII |
| Preceded by | |
| Succeeded by | The Marquis of Sillery |
| Secretary of State for War | |
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In office 25 November 1616 – 24 April 1617 |
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| Monarch | Louis XIII |
| Preceded by | Claude Mangot |
| Succeeded by | |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Armand Jean du Plessis 9 September 1585 Paris, Île-de-France, France |
| Died | 4 December 1642 (aged 57) Paris, Île-de-France, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Alma mater | College of Navarre |
| Profession | Clergyman, statesman |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| Cardinal, Bishop of Luçon | |
| Metropolis | Bordeaux |
| Diocese | Luçon |
| See | Luçon |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 17 April 1607 by Anne d'Escars de Givry |
| Created Cardinal | 5 September 1622 |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Previous post |
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| Signature |  |
| Ordination history of Cardinal Richelieu | |
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Episcopal consecration
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| Principal consecrator | Anne d'Escars de Givry |
| Date of consecration | 17 April 1607 |
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Cardinalate
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| Date of elevation | 5 September 1622 |
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Styles of Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal de Richelieu |
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| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu and Fronsac (French pronunciation: [aʁmɑ̃ ʒɑ̃ dy plɛsi]; 9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642), commonly referred to as Cardinal Richelieu (French: Cardinal de Richelieu [kaʁdinal d(ə) ʁiʃ(ə)ljø]), was a French clergyman, nobleman, and statesman. He was consecrated as a bishop in 1607 and was appointed Foreign Secretary in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Catholic Church and the French government, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642; he was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin, whose career he had fostered.
Cardinal de Richelieu was often known by the title of the king's "Chief Minister" or "First Minister". He sought to consolidate royal power and crush domestic factions. By restraining the power of the nobility, he transformed France into a strong, centralized state. His chief foreign policy objective was to check the power of the Austro-Spanish Habsburg dynasty, and to ensure French dominance in the Thirty Years' War that engulfed Europe. Although he was a cardinal, he did not hesitate to make alliances with Protestant rulers in attempting to achieve his goals. While a powerful political figure, events like the Day of the Dupes (Jour des Dupes) show that in fact he very much depended on the king's confidence to keep this power.
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