Cardinal Mazarin
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His Eminence The Duke of Nevers |
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Portrait of Jules Mazarin by Pierre Mignard (1658)
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| First Minister of State | |
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In office 4 December 1642 – 9 March 1661 |
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| Monarch |
Louis XIII Queen Anne (regent) Louis XIV |
| Preceded by | The Duke of Richelieu |
| Succeeded by | Jean-Baptiste Colbert |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino 14 July 1602 Pescina, Abruzzo Ultra, Naples |
| Died | 9 March 1661 (aged 58) Vincennes, Île-de-France, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Alma mater | Roman College |
| Profession | Clergyman, statesman |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| Cardinal, Bishop of Metz | |
| Metropolis | Immediately Subject to the Holy See |
| Diocese | Metz |
| See | Metz |
| Predecessor | Henri de Bourbon |
| Successor | Franz Egon of Fürstenberg |
| Orders | |
| Created Cardinal | 16 December 1641 by Pope Urban VIII |
| Personal details | |
| Motto |
Firmando firmior hæret Hinc ordo, hinc copia rerum |
| Signature |  |
| Ordination history of Cardinal Mazarin |
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Cardinal Jules Raymond Mazarin, Duke of Rethel, Mayenne and Nevers (French: [ʒyl mazaʁɛ̃]; 14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino [ˈdʒuːljo raiˈmondo maddzaˈriːno] or Mazarini, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and politician, who served as the Chief Minister to the King of France from 1642 until his death.
Mazarin succeeded his mentor, Cardinal Richelieu. He was a noted collector of art and jewels, particularly diamonds, and he bequeathed the "Mazarin diamonds" to Louis XIV in 1661, some of which remain in the collection of the Louvre museum in Paris. His personal library was the origin of the Bibliothèque Mazarine in Paris.
Following the end of the Thirty Years’ War, Mazarin, as the de facto ruler of France, played a crucial role in establishing the Westphalian principles that would guide European states’ foreign policy and the prevailing world order. Some of these principles, such as the nation state's sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs and the legal equality among states, remain the basis of international law to this day.
Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino was born in Pescina, then part of the Kingdom of Naples, but was raised in Rome. His father was Pietro Mazzarini from a noble family of Sicily, and his mother was Ortensia Buffalini, a woman of a noble family of Città di Castello in Umbria, and goddaughter of Filippo I Colonna, the grand Constable of Naples. Giulio was the older brother of Michele Mazzarino, Master of the Sacred Palace under Pope Urban VIII, and later Archbishop of Aix-en-Provence and a cardinal.
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