Antigonadotropin

Antigonadotropin
Drug class
Class identifiers
Use	For the treatment of androgen and estrogen-related medical conditions.
ATC code	G03XA
Biological target	GnRH receptor, gonadotropin receptors (FSHR, LHR), sex steroid receptors (AR, ER, PR)

An antigonadotropin is a drug which suppresses the activity and/or downstream effects of one or both of the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). This results in an inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and thus a decrease in the levels of the androgen, estrogen, and progestogen sex steroids in the body. Antigonadotropins are used for a variety of purposes, including for the treatment hormonally-sensitive cancers, to delay precocious puberty and puberty in transgender youth, as a form of chemical castration to reduce the sex drives of individuals (namely males) with hypersexuality or pedophilia, and to treat estrogen-associated conditions in women such as menorrhagia and endometriosis.

The most well-known and widely used antigonadotropins are the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues (both agonists and antagonists). However, many other drugs have antigonadotropic properties as well, including compounds acting on sex steroid hormone receptors such as progestogens, androgens, and estrogens (due to negative feedback on the HPG axis), as well as steroid synthesis inhibitors such as danazol and gestrinone. Some antigonadotropins have a multimodal action, such as cyproterone acetate, which exerts its effects via acting as an antiandrogen, progestin, and steroid synthesis inhibitor. Since progestins have relatively little effect on sexual differentiation compared to the other sex steroids, potent ones such as medroxyprogesterone acetate and chlormadinone acetate are often used at high doses specifically for their antigonadotropic effects.