Danazol
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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Azol, Bonzol, Cyclomen, Danol, Nazol |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682599 |
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| Routes of administration |
Oral |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Biological half-life | 3–6 hours (acute), 24–26 hours (chronic) |
| Excretion | Urine, feces |
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| Synonyms | WIN-17757; 17α-Ethynyl-17β-hydroxy-4-androsten-[2,3-d]isoxazole |
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| ChEMBL | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.037.503 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C22H27NO2 |
| Molar mass | 337.5 g/mol |
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Danazol (INN, USAN, BAN, JAN) (brand names Danocrine, Danol, Danazol, Danatrol, Danoval, Cyclomen, many others), also known as 17α-ethynyl-17β-hydroxy-4-androsten-[2,3-d]isoxazole, is a synthetic steroid that is used primarily in the treatment of endometriosis and is marketed widely throughout the world. It is the derivative of ethisterone (17α-ethynyltestosterone) where the 3-ketone is replaced with a 2,3-isoxazole moiety. Danazol was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as the first drug to specifically treat endometriosis in 1971. Although effective for endometriosis, its use is limited by its masculinizing side effects. Since their introduction, danazol has largely been replaced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists in the treatment of the condition.
Danazol has been used—mostly off-label—for other indications, namely in the management of menorrhagia, fibrocystic breast disease, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, premenstrual syndrome, breast pain, and hereditary angioedema. Although not currently a standard treatment for menorrhagia, danazol demonstrated significant relief in young women with menorrhagia in a study, and, because of a lack of a significant adverse effects, it was proposed as an alternative treatment. Low-dose danazol has also been investigated in the treatment of diabetic macular edema in a phase III clinical trial. A dosage of 800 mg/day danazol was found to increase telomere length in patients with telomere diseases in a phase I/II clinical trial.
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