Aniba rosaeodora
| Brazilian rosewood | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Laurales |
| Family: | Lauraceae |
| Genus: | Aniba |
| Species: | A. rosodora |
| Binomial name | |
|
Aniba rosodora Ducke |
|
| Synonyms | |
|
Aniba duckei Kosterm. |
|
Aniba duckei Kosterm.
Aniba rosaeodora, also known as Aniba rosodora, is a species of Magnoliid tree in the Lauraceae family. Its common names are Brazilian rosewood and rosewoodtree. It grows in parts of the tropical rainforest of South America. It is an endangered species that sees exploitation for its essential oil.
Aniba rosodora grows in the tropical rainforests of South America. It is found in the Brazilian states of Amapá, Amazonas, and Pará. It is also found in Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, and French Guiana, where it was formerly more widespread. It is massive, up to 30 meters in height and 2 meters in diameter, and evergreen. The entire tree is fragrant. Substances in the tree include linalool and rubranine. The flowers are perfect, with temporal dioecy. The fruit is a purple drupe dispersed by toucans.
It has 24 chromosomes.Gene flow is high between wild populations.
The plant is one of the commercially important sources of rosewood oil. The tree is collected in the wild. After felling, the trees are cut into one–meter long logs which are taken to the riverbank and stockpiled there. When river levels are high enough, the logs are floated downriver to a distillery. Because of the remoteness and difficulty of travel in the Amazon, distilleries are often mobile, movable by raft. When they arrive at the distillery, the logs are chipped and then steam distilled. Each tree yields about 1% oil by weight of wood. Most worldwide production comes from Brazil; since the 1960s, other areas produce only a minor, insignificant amount. Trees are taken from near the Amazon and its tributaries.
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