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Ammonium sulphate

Ammonium sulfate
Ammonium sulfate.png
Ball-and-stick model of two ammonium cations and one sulfate anion
Names
IUPAC name
Ammonium tetraoxosulfate (VI)
Other names
Ammonium sulfate
Ammonium sulfate (2:1)
Diammonium sulfate
Sulfuric acid diammonium salt
Mascagnite
Actamaster
Dolamin
Identifiers
7783-20-2 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChemSpider 22944 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.076
E number E517 (acidity regulators, ...)
KEGG D08853 YesY
UNII SU46BAM238 YesY
Properties
(NH4)2SO4
Molar mass 132.14 g/mol
Appearance Fine white hygroscopic granules or crystals.
Density 1.769 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point 235 to 280 °C (455 to 536 °F; 508 to 553 K) (decomposes)
70.6 g/100 mL (0 °C)

74.4 g/100 mL (20 °C)
103.8 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility insoluble in acetone, alcohol and ether
-67.0·10−6 cm3/mol
79.2% (30 °C)
Hazards
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oil Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
2840 mg/kg, rat (oral)
Related compounds
Other anions
Ammonium thiosulfate
Ammonium sulfite
Ammonium bisulfate
Ammonium persulfate
Other cations
Sodium sulfate
Potassium sulfate
Related compounds
Ammonium iron(II) sulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Ammonium sulfate (American English; ammonium tetraoxosulfate (VI) is the IUPAC-recommended spelling; and ammonium sulphate in British English), (NH4)2SO4, is an inorganic salt with a number of commercial uses. The most common use is as a soil fertilizer. It contains 21% nitrogen and 24% sulfur.

The primary use of ammonium sulfate is as a fertilizer for alkaline soils. In the soil the ammonium ion is released and forms a small amount of acid, lowering the pH balance of the soil, while contributing essential nitrogen for plant growth. The main disadvantage to the use of ammonium sulfate is its low nitrogen content relative to ammonium nitrate, which elevates transportation costs.

It is also used as an agricultural spray adjuvant for water-soluble insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. There, it functions to bind iron and calcium cations that are present in both well water and plant cells. It is particularly effective as an adjuvant for 2,4-D (amine), glyphosate, and glufosinate herbicides.

In biochemistry, ammonium sulfate precipitation is a common method for purifying proteins by selective precipitation; Ammonium sulfate is extremely soluble in water and so can make very concentrated solutions, which can "salt out" proteins, causing their precipitation at particular concentrations. This provides a convenient and simple means to fractionate complex protein mixtures. As such, ammonium sulfate is also listed as an ingredient for many United States vaccines per the Center for Disease Control.


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