Ammonium persulfate

Ammonium persulfate

Names
Other names Ammonium peroxydisulfate
Identifiers
CAS Number	7727-54-0 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image Interactive image
ChemSpider	56400 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.897
EC Number	231-786-5
E number	E923 (glazing agents, ...)
PubChem CID	62648
RTECS number	SE0350000
UNII	22QF6L357F Y
UN number	1444
InChI InChI=1S/2H3N.H2O8S2/c;;1-9(2,3)7-8-10(4,5)6/h2*1H3;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6) Y Key: ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/2H3N.H2O8S2/c;;1-9(2,3)7-8-10(4,5)6/h2*1H3;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6) Key: ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYAL
SMILES O=S(=O)([O-])OOS([O-])(=O)=O.[NH4+].[NH4+] [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS(=O)(=O)[O-]
Properties
Chemical formula	(NH4)2S2O8
Molar mass	228.18 g/mol
Appearance	white to yellowish crystals
Density	1.98 g/cm3
Melting point	120 °C (248 °F; 393 K) decomposes
Solubility in water	80 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Solubility	Moderately soluble in MeOH
Hazards
Safety data sheet	External MSDS
EU classification (DSD)	Oxidant (O) Harmful (Xn) Irritant (Xi)
R-phrases	R8, R22, R36/37/38, R42/43
S-phrases	(S2), S22, S24, S26, S37
NFPA 704	0 2 2 OX
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	689 mg/kg, oral (rat)
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium thiosulfate Ammonium sulfite Ammonium sulfate
Other cations	Sodium persulfate Potassium persulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Ammonium persulfate (APS) is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH₄)₂S₂O₈. It is a colourless (white) salt that is highly soluble in water, much more so than the related potassium salt. It is a strong oxidizing agent that is used in polymer chemistry, as an , and as a cleaning and bleaching agent.

The dissolution of the salt in water is an endothermic process.

Ammonium persulfate is prepared by electrolysis of a cold concentrated solution of either ammonium sulfate or ammonium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density. The method was first described by H. Marshall.

As an oxidizing agent and a source of radicals, APS finds many commercial applications.

Salts of sulfate are mainly used as radical initiators in the polymerization of certain alkenes. Commercially important polymers prepared using persulfates include styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene. In solution, the dianion dissociates to give radicals:

The sulfate radical adds to the alkene to give a sulfate ester radical. It is also used along with tetramethylethylenediamine to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide in making a polyacrylamide gel, hence being important for SDS-PAGE and western blot.