Ammonium sulfate

Ammonium sulfate
Names


IUPAC name Ammonium tetraoxosulfate (VI)
Other names Ammonium sulfate Ammonium sulfate (2:1) Diammonium sulfate Sulfuric acid diammonium salt Mascagnite Actamaster Dolamin
Identifiers
CAS Number	7783-20-2^Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	22944^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.076
E number	E517 (acidity regulators, ...)
KEGG	D08853^Y
UNII	SU46BAM238^Y
InChI InChI=1S/2H3N.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h21H3;(H2,1,2,3,4)^Y Key: BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y InChI=1/2H3N.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h21H3;(H2,1,2,3,4) Key: BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYAI
SMILES O=S(=O)(O)O.N.N
Properties
Chemical formula	(NH₄)₂SO₄
Molar mass	132.14 g/mol
Appearance	Fine white hygroscopic granules or crystals.
Density	1.769 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Melting point	235 to 280 °C (455 to 536 °F; 508 to 553 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	70.6 g/100 mL (0 °C) 74.4 g/100 mL (20 °C) 103.8 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility	insoluble in acetone, alcohol and ether
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-67.0·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Critical relative humidity	79.2% (30 °C)
Hazards
NFPA 704	1 2 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD₅₀ (median dose)	2840 mg/kg, rat (oral)
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium thiosulfate Ammonium sulfite Ammonium bisulfate Ammonium persulfate
Other cations	Sodium sulfate Potassium sulfate
Related compounds	Ammonium iron(II) sulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y (what is ^YN ?)
Infobox references

Ammonium sulfate (American English; ammonium tetraoxosulfate (VI) is the IUPAC-recommended spelling; and ammonium sulphate in British English), (NH₄)₂SO₄, is an inorganic salt with a number of commercial uses. The most common use is as a soil fertilizer. It contains 21% nitrogen and 24% sulfur.

The primary use of ammonium sulfate is as a fertilizer for alkaline soils. In the soil the ammonium ion is released and forms a small amount of acid, lowering the pH balance of the soil, while contributing essential nitrogen for plant growth. The main disadvantage to the use of ammonium sulfate is its low nitrogen content relative to ammonium nitrate, which elevates transportation costs.

It is also used as an agricultural spray adjuvant for water-soluble insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. There, it functions to bind iron and calcium cations that are present in both well water and plant cells. It is particularly effective as an adjuvant for 2,4-D (amine), glyphosate, and glufosinate herbicides.

In biochemistry, ammonium sulfate precipitation is a common method for purifying proteins by selective precipitation; Ammonium sulfate is extremely soluble in water and so can make very concentrated solutions, which can "salt out" proteins, causing their precipitation at particular concentrations. This provides a convenient and simple means to fractionate complex protein mixtures. As such, ammonium sulfate is also listed as an ingredient for many United States vaccines per the Center for Disease Control.

...
Wikipedia