American-Mexican War
| Mexican–American War | |||||||||
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 Clockwise from top left: Winfield Scott entering Plaza de la Constitución after the Fall of Mexico City, U.S. soldiers engaging the retreating Mexican force during the Battle of Resaca de la Palma, American victory at Churubusco outside Mexico City, U.S. Marines storming Chapultepec castle under a large American flag, Battle of Cerro Gordo |
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 United States California Republic
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 Mexico
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
 James K. Polk Winfield Scott Zachary Taylor Stephen W. Kearny John Drake Sloat William Jenkins Worth Joseph Lane Franklin Pierce David Conner Matthew C. Perry John C. Frémont Thomas Childs Henry Stanton Burton Edward Dickinson Baker William B. Ide |
Antonio López de Santa Anna Mariano Arista Pedro de Ampudia José María Flores Mariano G. Vallejo Nicolás Bravo José Joaquín de Herrera Andrés Pico Manuel Armijo Martin Perfecto de Cos Pedro Maria de Anaya Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte Joaquín Rea Manuel Pineda Muñoz Gabriel Valencia
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| Strength | |||||||||
| 73,532 regulars and volunteers | 70,000 regulars 12,000 irregulars |
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| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| 1,733 killed in battle (1,721 soldiers, 11 Marines, and 1 sailor) 13,283 total dead 4,152 wounded |
10,000 regulars dead (5,000 killed in battle) | ||||||||
| Including civilians killed by the war's violence and military disease and accidental deaths, the Mexican death toll may have reached 25,000. | |||||||||
American victory
The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War in the United States and in Mexico as the American intervention in Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States (Mexico) from 1846 to 1848. It followed in the wake of the 1845 American annexation of the independent Republic of Texas, which Mexico still considered its northeastern province and a part of its territory after its de facto secession in the 1836 Texas Revolution a decade earlier.
Mexico obtained independence from the Kingdom of Spain and the Spanish Empire with the Treaty of Córdoba in 1821, and briefly experimented with monarchy, becoming a republic in 1824. It was characterized by considerable instability, leaving it ill-prepared for international conflict only two decades later, when war broke out in 1846. In the decades preceding the war, Native American raids in Mexico's sparsely settled north prompted the Mexican government to sponsor migration from the United States to the Mexican province of Texas to create a buffer. However, the newly named "Texians" revolted against the Mexican government of President/dictator Antonio López de Santa Anna, who had usurped the Mexican Constitution of 1824, in the subsequent 1836 Texas Revolution, creating a republic not recognized by Mexico, which still claimed it as part of its national territory. In 1845, the Texan Republic agreed to an offer of annexation by the U.S. Congress and became the 28th state in the Union on December 29 that year.
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