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Albert Bernard Bongo

Omar Bongo
Omar Bongo cropped.jpg
Bongo in 2001
2nd President of Gabon
In office
2 December 1967 – 8 June 2009
Prime Minister Léon Mébiame
Casimir Oyé-Mba
Paulin Obame-Nguema
Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane
Jean Eyeghe Ndong
Vice President Didjob Divungi Di Ndinge
Preceded by Léon M'ba
Succeeded by Rose Francine Rogombé
2nd Vice-President of Gabon
In office
12 November 1966 – 2 December 1967
President Léon M'ba
Preceded by Paul-Marie Yembit
Succeeded by Léon Mébiame
Personal details
Born Albert-Bernard Bongo
(1935-12-30)30 December 1935
Lewai, French Equatorial Africa (now Bongoville, Gabon)
Died 8 June 2009(2009-06-08) (aged 73)
Barcelona, Spain
Political party Democratic Party
Spouse(s) Louise Mouyabi Moukala (1955–1959)
Patience Dabany (1959–1986)
Edith Lucie Bongo (1990–2009)
Children 30+ (by various partners)
Military service
Allegiance  France
Service/branch French Air Force
Rank Captain

El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba (born Albert-Bernard Bongo; 30 December 1935 – 8 June 2009) was a Gabonese politician who was President of Gabon for 42 years from 1967 until his death in 2009.

Omar Bongo was promoted to key positions as a young official under Gabon's first President Léon M'ba in the 1960s, before being elected Vice-President in his own right in 1966. In 1967, he succeeded M'ba to become the second Gabon President, upon the latter's death.

Bongo headed the single-party regime of the Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) until 1990, when, faced with public pressure, he was forced to introduce multi-party politics into Gabon. His political survival despite intense opposition to his rule in the early 1990s seemed to stem once again from consolidating power by bringing most of the major opposition leaders at the time to his side. The 1993 presidential election was extremely controversial but ended with his re-election then and the subsequent elections of 1998 and 2005. His respective parliamentary majorities increased and the opposition becoming more subdued with each succeeding election. After Cuban President Fidel Castro stepped down in February 2008, Bongo became the world's longest-serving non-monarch ruler. He was one of the longest serving rulers in history.

Bongo was criticized for in effect having worked for himself, his family and local elites and not for Gabon and its people. For instance, French green politician Eva Joly claimed that during Bongo's long reign, despite an oil-led GDP per capita growth to one of the highest levels in Africa, Gabon built only 5 km of freeway a year and still had one of the world's highest infant mortality rates by the time of his death in 2009.


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