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African British

Black British
Total population
Black British
1,904,684 (3.0%) (2011 census)
Regions with significant populations
United KingdomUnited Kingdom
England England 1,846,614 (3.5%) (2011 census)
Scotland Scotland 36,178 (0.7%) (2011 census)
Wales Wales 18,276 (0.6%) (2011 census)
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland 3,616 (0.2%) (2011 census)
Languages
English (British English, Black British English, Caribbean English, African English), French, African languages, others
Religion
Predominantly Christianity (69%);
minority follows Islam (15%), other faiths, or are irreligious (7%)
2011 census, Great Britain only
Note
Large black British communities
Greater London 1,088,600
- Lambeth 78,500
- Southwark 77,500
- Lewisham 75,900
- Croydon 73,200
- Newham 60,300
- Brent 58,600
- Hackney 56,800
- Enfield 53 700
- Greenwich 48,700
- Haringey 47,800
- Waltham Forest 44,800
- Barking and Dagenham 37,100
- Ealing 36,700
- Wandsworth 32,800
- Barnet 27,300
- Islington 26,300
- Redbridge 24,800
- Hammersmith and Fulham 21,500
- Merton 20,800
- Hillingdon 20,100
Birmingham 96,400
Manchester 43,500
Leeds 25,900
Bristol 25,700
Nottingham 22,200
Leicester 20,600
Sheffield 20,100

Black British are British people of Black and African origins or heritage, including those of African-Caribbean (sometimes called "Afro-Caribbean") background, and may include people with mixed ancestry. The term has been used from the 1950s, mainly to refer to Black people from former British colonies in the West Indies (i.e., the New Commonwealth) and Africa, who are residents of the United Kingdom and who consider themselves British.

The term "black" has historically had a number of applications as a racial and political label, and may be used in a wider sociopolitical context to encompass a broader range of non-European ethnic minority populations in Britain. This is a controversial definition. "Black British" is one of various self-designation entries used in official UK ethnicity classifications.

Black residents constituted around 3 per cent of the United Kingdom's population in 2011. The figures have increased from just under 1.15 million residents in 2001, or 2 per cent of the population, to just over 1.9 million in 2011. Over 95% of Black British live in England, particularly in England's larger urban areas, with almost a million Black British living in Greater London alone.

Historically, the term has most commonly been used to refer to Black people of New Commonwealth origin, of both West African and South Asian descent. For example, Southall Black Sisters was established in 1979 "to meet the needs of black (Asian and Afro-Caribbean) women." ("Asian" in the British context usually refers to people of South Asian ancestry). "Black" was used in this inclusive political sense to mean "non-white British." In the 1970s, a time of rising activism against racial discrimination, the main communities so described were from the British West Indies and the Indian subcontinent, but solidarity against racism sometimes extended the term at that time to the Irish population of Britain as well.


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