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5-hydroxytryptamine

Skeletal formula of serotonin
IUPAC name 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol
Synonyms 5-Hydroxytryptamine, Enteramine; Thrombocytin, 3-(β-Aminoethyl)-5-hydroxyindole, Thrombotonin
Abbreviation 5-HT
Sources raphe nuclei, enterochromaffin cells
Targets system-wide
Receptors 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT5, 5-HT6, 5-HT7
Agonists SSRIs, MAOIs (indirectly)
Precursor 5-HTP
Synthesizing enzyme Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
Metabolizing enzyme MAO
Database links
CAS Number 50-67-9 YesY
PubChem CID: 5202
IUPHAR/BPS 5
ChemSpider 5013 YesY
KEGG C00780 YesY
Serotonin
Ball-and-stick model of the serotonin molecule
Space-filling model of the serotonin molecule
Names
IUPAC names
5-Hydroxytryptamine or
3-(2-Aminoethyl)indol-5-ol
Other names
5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT, Enteramine; Thrombocytin, 3-(β-Aminoethyl)-5-hydroxyindole, Thrombotonin
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.054
KEGG
MeSH Serotonin
PubChem CID
UNII
Properties
C10H12N2O
Molar mass 176.215 g/mol
Appearance White powder
Melting point 167.7 °C (333.9 °F; 440.8 K) 121–122 °C (ligroin)
Boiling point 416 ± 30 °C (at 760 Torr)
slightly soluble
Acidity (pKa) 10.16 in water at 23.5 °C
2.98 D
Hazards
Safety data sheet External MSDS
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
750 mg/kg (subcutaneous, rat), 4500 mg/kg (intraperitoneal, rat), 60 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Serotonin (/ˌsɛrəˈtnn, ˌsɪərə-/) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Biochemically derived from tryptophan, serotonin is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), blood platelets, and the central nervous system (CNS) of animals, including humans. It is popularly thought to be a contributor to feelings of well-being and happiness.

Approximately 90% of the human body's total serotonin is located in the enterochromaffin cells in the GI tract, where it is used to regulate intestinal movements. The serotonin is secreted luminally and basolaterally which leads to increased serotonin uptake by circulating platelets and activation after stimulation, which gives increased stimulation of myenteric neurons and gastrointestinal motility. The remainder is synthesized in serotonergic neurons of the CNS, where it has various functions. These include the regulation of mood, appetite, and sleep. Serotonin also has some cognitive functions, including memory and learning. Modulation of serotonin at synapses is thought to be a major action of several classes of pharmacological antidepressants.


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