2011-2012 Bahraini uprising

Bahraini uprising

Clockwise from top-left: Protesters raising their hands towards the Pearl Roundabout on 19 February 2011; Teargas usage by security forces and clashes with protesters on 13 March; Over 100,000 Bahrainis taking part in the "March of loyalty to martyrs", on 22 February; clashes between security forces and protesters on 13 March; Bahraini armed forces blocking an entrance to a Bahraini village.

Date

Violent uprising and government crackdown
14 February 2011 – 18 March 2011
(1 month and 4 days)
Occasional protests
18 March 2011 – 3 March 2014
(2 years,11 months,1 weeks and 6 days)

Location

Bahrain
26°01′39″N 50°33′00″E / 26.02750°N 50.55000°ECoordinates: 26°01′39″N 50°33′00″E / 26.02750°N 50.55000°E

Caused by

Dictatorship
Government corruption
Unemployment
Slow pace of democratisation
Inspiration from concurrent regional protests

Goals

Abdication of King Hamad
Democracy
Constitutional monarchy
Deportation of foreign mercenaries
Rewrite the Constitution
Ending economic and human rights violations
Fair elections and freedom

Methods

Status

Decisive Cabinet of Bahrain victory and suppression of the Bahraini opposition.

Concessions
given

Establishment of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry and the National Dialogue
1000 Bahraini dinar (approx. US$2,667) per family
Increased social spending

Parties to the civil conflict

Bahraini opposition
Supported by:

Iran

Bahrain government
Supported by:
Gulf Cooperation Council
Jordan

Pakistan

Lead figures

Leaders of Bahrain opposition parties

show all (8)

* Anonymous activists
(Leaders of the February 14 Youth Coalition)
* Ali Salman
(Secretary General of the Al Wefaq National Islamic Society)
* Hasan Mushaima
(Secretary General of the Haq Movement)
* Ibrahim Sharif
(Leader of the National Democratic Action Society)
* Saeed Shahabi
(Leader of the Bahrain Freedom Movement)
* Muħammad ʻAlī al-Mahfoudh
(Secretary General of the Islamic Action Society)
* Abdulwahab Hussain (Leader of the Al Wafa' Islamic Movement)
* Abduljalil al-Singace
(Human Rights Bureau and its official spokesman of the Haq Movement)

Human Rights Defenders

show all (2)

Nabeel Rajab
(President of the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights)
Abdulhadi al-Khawaja
(co-founder of the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights)

Independent Opposition leaders

show all (1)

Mohamed Habib al-Miqdad
(Orator)

Al Khalifa family

show all (8)

Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
(King of Bahrain)
Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (Prime Minister of Bahrain)
Field Marshal Khalifa bin Ahmad (Commander-in-Chief of the Bahrain Defense Force)
Lieutenant-General Shaikh Rashid bin Abdulla Al Khalifa (Interior minister)
Major-General Mohammed bin Isa Al Khalifa (Commander-in-Chief of the Bahrain National Guard)
Major-General Adel bin Khalifa bin Hamad Al Fadhel (Director of the National Security Agency)
Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa (Crown prince of Bahrain)
Khalid ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah (Foreign minister)

Gulf Cooperation Council

show all (2)

Abdullatif Bin Rashid Al-Zayani
(Secretary General of the Gulf Cooperation Council)
Major General Mutlaq Bin Salem al-Azima (Commander-in-Chief of the Peninsula Shield Force)

Number

150,000^{p. 97} – 300,000 protesters

26,000-46,000

Details