1865 Atlantic hurricane season
| 1865 Atlantic hurricane season | |
|---|---|
Season summary map
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| Seasonal boundaries | |
| First system formed | May 30, 1865 |
| Last system dissipated | October 25, 1865 |
| Strongest storm | |
| Name | Four and Seven |
| • Maximum winds | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-minute sustained) |
| • Lowest pressure | 969 mbar (hPa; 28.61 inHg) |
| Seasonal statistics | |
| Total depressions | 7 |
| Total storms | 7 |
| Hurricanes | 3 |
| Total fatalities | 326 |
| Total damage | Unknown |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 |
|
| Duration | August 20 – August 24 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min) |
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
 |
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| Duration | September 6 – September 14 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min) 969 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
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| Duration | October 18 – October 25 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min) 969 mbar (hPa) |
The 1865 Atlantic hurricane season included two landfalling hurricanes, with one that caused over 325 deaths. The first storm was reported on May 30 by ships in the western Caribbean. A month later, a storm hit southern Texas, and in late August, a storm paralleled the coastline of the Carolinas. The fourth storm of the season was also the longest-lasting, forming east of the Lesser Antilles before hitting Guadeloupe and eventually moving ashore in Louisiana. In both of its major landfalls, the storm left many houses destroyed. There was confusion whether or not the fifth storm of the season was separate from the fourth storm, as both systems struck Louisiana in September. Another hurricane occurred in late September, before the final storm of the season developed north of Panama. The final hurricane struck Cuba and Key West, Florida before dissipating north of Bermuda on October 25.
At one time, one hurricane researcher identified a tropical storm over Cuba in late August, although there was no evidence the storm actually existed. There was also a report of a hurricane over Louisiana on October 22, although it is unknown if it was related to other storms in the season. There may have been additional unconfirmed tropical cyclones during the season. Meteorologist Christopher Landsea estimates up to six storms were missed from the official database, due to small tropical cyclone size, sparse ship reports, and relatively unpopulated coastlines.
On May 30, a tropical storm in the western Caribbean Sea wrecked a ship named the "Golden Rule", which was sailing from New York to the east coast of Nicaragua. The ship first encountered the storm on May 29, reporting high winds and heavy rainfall. After the wreck, the crew sailed to a nearby island, where they were rescued by two United States ships after 10 days. The winds were estimated at 60 mph (95 km/h), although the entire track of the storm is unknown.
The second known storm of the season was reported near Brownsville, Texas on June 30. Its existence is known based on a newspaper report in the New Orleans Times. The winds were estimated at 60 mph (95 km/h); however, it is a potentially unreliable estimate due to a lack of significant population providing observations. The entire track of the storm is unknown.
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