'Abbasid
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Abbasid Caliphate
ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة
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Empire (750–1258) Ceremonial dynasty based in Cairo under the Mamluk Sultanate (1261–1517) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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750–1258 1261–1517 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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 Abbasid Caliphate at its greatest extent, c. 850
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| Status |
Empire (750–1258) Ceremonial dynasty based in Cairo under the Mamluk Sultanate (1261–1517) |
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| Common languages | Arabic (central administration); various regional languages | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Government | Caliphate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Caliph | |||||||||||||||||||||
• 750–754 |
As-Saffah (first) | ||||||||||||||||||||
• 1242–1258 |
Al-Musta'sim (last Caliph in Baghdad) | ||||||||||||||||||||
• 1508–1517 |
al-Mutawakkil III (last Caliph in Cairo) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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The Abbasid Caliphate (/əˈbæsɪd/ or /ˈæbəsɪd/ Arabic: ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة, al-Khilāfatu al-ʿAbbāsiyyah) was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. They ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after having overthrown over the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH).
The Abbasid Caliphate first centred its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the Sasanian capital city of Ctesiphon. The Abbasid period was marked by reliance on Persian bureaucrats (notably the Barmakid family) for governing the territories conquered by Arab Muslims as well as an increasing inclusion of non-Arab Muslims in the ummah (national community). Persianate customs were broadly adopted by the ruling elite, and they started supporting artists and scholars. Baghdad became a centre of science, culture, philosophy and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam.
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