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Isopropanol

Isopropyl alcohol
Skeletal formula of isopropyl alcohol
Ball-and-stick model of isopropyl alcohol
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Propan-2-ol
Other names
2-Propanol
Isopropanol (incorrect)
Rubbing alcohol
sec-Propyl alcohol
s-Propanol
iPrOH
Dimethyl carbinol
IPA
Identifiers
67-63-0 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
635639
ChEBI CHEBI:17824 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL582 YesY
ChemSpider 3644 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.601
1464
KEGG D00137 YesY
PubChem 3776
RTECS number NT8050000
UNII ND2M416302 YesY
UN number 1219
Properties
C3H8O
Molar mass 60.10 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Density 0.786 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point −89 °C (−128 °F; 184 K)
Boiling point 82.6 °C (180.7 °F; 355.8 K)
miscible in water
Solubility miscible in benzene, chloroform, ethanol, ether, glycerin
soluble in acetone
Acidity (pKa) 16.5
-45.794·10−6 cm3/mol
1.3776
Viscosity 2.86 cP at 15 °C
1.96 cP at 25 °C
1.77 cP at 30 °C
1.66 D (gas)
Pharmacology
D08AX05 (WHO)
Hazards
Main hazards Flammable
Safety data sheet See: data page
External MSDS
GHS pictograms The exclamation-mark pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The flame pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word Danger
H225, H319, H336
P210, P261, P305+351+338
Highly flammable (F), Irritating (Xi)
R-phrases R11 R36 R67
S-phrases S7 S16 S24 S25 S26
NFPA 704
Flammability code 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g., gasoline) Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point Open cup: 11.7 °C (53.1 °F; 284.8 K)
Closed cup: 13 °C (55 °F)
399 °C (750 °F; 672 K)
Explosive limits 2–12.7%
980 mg/m3 (TWA), 1225 mg/m3 (STEL)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
12800 mg/kg (dermal, rabbit)
3600 mg/kg (oral, mouse)
5045 mg/kg (oral, rat)
6410 mg/kg (oral, rabbit)
53000 mg/m3 (inhalation, mouse)
12,000 ppm (rat, 8 hr)
16,000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
12,800 ppm (mouse, 3 hr)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)
TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3) ST 500 ppm (1225 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
2000 ppm
Related compounds
Related alcohols
1-Propanol, ethanol, 2-butanol
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constantr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Isopropyl alcohol (IUPAC name propan-2-ol), also called isopropanol or dimethyl carbinol, is a compound with the chemical formula C3H8O or C3H7OH or CH3CHOHCH3 (sometimes represented as i-PrOH). It is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. As a propyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, it is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon atom is attached to two other carbon atoms, sometimes shown as (CH3)2CHOH. It is a structural isomer of 1-propanol. It has a wide variety of industrial and household uses.

Isopropyl alcohol is miscible in water, ethanol, ether, and chloroform. It will dissolve ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, many oils, alkaloids, gums and natural resins. Unlike ethanol or methanol, isopropyl alcohol is not miscible with salt solutions and can be separated from aqueous solutions by adding a salt such as sodium chloride. The process is colloquially called salting out, and causes concentrated isopropyl alcohol to separate into a distinct layer.

Isopropyl alcohol forms an azeotrope with water, which gives a boiling point of 80.37 °C (176.67 °F) and a composition of 87.7 wt% (91 vol%) isopropyl alcohol. Water-isopropyl alcohol mixtures have depressed melting points. It has a slightly bitter taste, and is not safe to drink.


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