Duchy of the Croats
| Duchy of the Croats | ||||||||||
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Ducatus Chroatorum (Latin) Χρωβατία (Greek) |
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 Balkan region c. 850. Duchy of the Croats shaded fuchsia.
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| Capital | No permanent seat Nin Klis Biaći Solin Knin |
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| Languages | Latin, Old Slavic | |||||||||
| Religion | Christianity (Roman Catholic) | |||||||||
| Government | Duchy | |||||||||
| Duke | ||||||||||
| • | late 7th century | Porga (first Archon) | ||||||||
| • | 810–821 | Borna (first known Duke) | ||||||||
| • | 910–925 | Tomislav (last Duke) | ||||||||
| Historical era | Medieval | |||||||||
| • | Establishment | 626 | ||||||||
| • | Papal recognition | 7 June 879 | ||||||||
| • | Croatia elevated to the status of kingdom | c. 925 | ||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Croatia Bosnia and Herzegovina
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| a. | ^ Tomislav is regarded as the first king due to being addressed as Rex (King) in a letter sent by Pope John X and the Council conclusions of Split in 925 AD. Circumstances and the date of his coronation are unknown. | |||||||||
"Duchy of Croatia" (Croatian: Kneževina Hrvatska; also "Duchy of the Croats", Kneževina Hrvata; "Dalmatian Croatia", Dalmatinska Hrvatska; "Littoral Croatia", Primorska Hrvatska; Greek: Χρωβατία, Chrovatía), was a medieval Croatian duchy that was established in the former Roman province of Dalmatia. Throughout its time it had several seats, namely Klis, Solin, Knin, Biaći and Nin, comprised the littoral, or coastal part of today's Croatia and included a big part of the mountainous hinterland. The Duchy was in the center of competition between the Carolingian Empire and the Byzantine Empire for rule over the area. Rivalry with Venice emerged in the first decades of the 9th century and was to continue for the following centuries. Croatia also waged battles with the Bulgarian Empire, with whom the relations improved greatly afterwards, and the Arabs and sought to extend its control over important coastal cities under the rule of Byzantium. Croatia saw periods of vassalage of the Franks or Byzantines and de facto independence until 879 when Croatian Duke Branimir received recognition from Pope John VIII as an independent realm. The ruling dynasty of Croatia was the House of Trpimirović, with interruptions by the House of Domagojević (864–878 and 879–c. 892). The Duchy existed until around 925 when, during the rule of Duke Tomislav, Croatia became a kingdom.
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