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Zinc sulfide

Zinc sulfide
ZnS powders2.jpg
ZnS powders containing different concentrations of sulfur vacancies
Names
Other names
Identifiers
1314-98-3 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.013.866
PubChem 14821
RTECS number ZH5400000
Properties
ZnS
Molar mass 97.474 g/mol
Density 4.090 g/cm3
Melting point 1,850 °C (3,360 °F; 2,120 K) (sublime)
negligible
Band gap 3.54 eV (cubic, 300 K)
3.91 eV (hexagonal, 300 K)
Structure
see text
Tetrahedral (Zn2+)
Tetrahedral (S2−)
Thermochemistry
−204.6 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet ICSC 1627
NFPA 704
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
Zinc oxide
Zinc selenide
Zinc telluride
Other cations
Cadmium sulfide
Mercury sulfide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Zinc sulfide (or zinc sulphide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula of ZnS. This is the main form of zinc found in nature, where it mainly occurs as the mineral sphalerite. Although this mineral is usually black because of various impurities, the pure material is white, and it is widely used as a pigment. In its dense synthetic form, zinc sulfide can be transparent, and it is used as a window for visible optics and infrared optics.

ZnS exists in two main crystalline forms, and this dualism is often a salient example of polymorphism. In each form, the coordination geometry at Zn and S is tetrahedral. The more stable cubic form is known also as zinc blende or sphalerite. The hexagonal form is known as the mineral wurtzite, although it also can be produced synthetically. The transition from the sphalerite form to the wurtzite form occurs at around 1020 celsius. A tetragonal form is also known as the very rare mineral called polhemusite, with the formula (Zn,Hg)S.

Zinc sulfide, with addition of few ppm of suitable activator, is used as phosphor in many applications, from cathode ray tubes through X-ray screens to glow in the dark products. When silver is used as activator, the resulting color is bright blue, with maximum at 450 nanometers. Using manganese yields an orange-red color at around 590 nanometers. Copper gives long-time glow, and it has the familiar greenish glow-in-the-dark. Copper-doped zinc sulfide ("ZnS plus Cu") is used also in electroluminescent panels. It also exhibits phosphorescence due to impurities on illumination with blue or ultraviolet light.


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Wikipedia

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