Zinc sulfate

Zinc sulfate
Names


IUPAC name Zinc sulfate
Other names White vitriol Goslarite
Identifiers
CAS Number	7733-02-0^Y 7446-19-7 (monohydrate)^N 13986-24-8 (hexahydrate)^N 7446-20-0 (heptahydrate)^N
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:35176^Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200929^N
ChemSpider	22833^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.904
EC Number	231-793-3
PubChem	24424
RTECS number	ZH5260000
UNII	0J6Z13X3WO^Y
UN number	3077
InChI InChI=1S/H2O4S.Zn/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2^Y Key: NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L^Y InChI=1/H2O4S.Zn/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2 Key: NWONKYPBYAMBJT-NUQVWONBAU
SMILES [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
Properties
Chemical formula	ZnSO₄
Molar mass	161.47 g/mol (anhydrous) 179.47 g/mol (monohydrate) 287.53 g/mol (heptahydrate)
Appearance	white powder
Odor	odorless
Density	3.54 g/cm³ (anhydrous) 2.072 g/cm³ (hexahydrate)
Melting point	680 °C (1,256 °F; 953 K) decomposes (anhydrous) 100 °C (heptahydrate) 70 °C, decomposes (hexahydrate)
Boiling point	740 °C (1,360 °F; 1,010 K) (anhydrous) 280 °C, decomposes (heptahydrate)
Solubility in water	57.7 g/100 mL, anhydrous (20 °C) (In aqueous solutions with a pH < 5)
Solubility	alcohols
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−45.0·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Refractive index (n_D)	1.658 (anhydrous), 1.4357 (heptahydrate)
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S^o₂₉₈)	120 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Std enthalpy of formation (Δ_fH^o₂₉₈)	−983 kJ·mol⁻¹
Pharmacology
ATC code	A12CB01 (WHO)
Hazards
Safety data sheet	ICSC 1698
EU classification (DSD)	Harmful (Xn) Dangerous for the environment (N)
R-phrases	R22, R41, R50/53
S-phrases	(S2), S22, S26, S39, S46, S60, S61
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other cations	Cadmium sulfate Manganese sulfate
Related compounds	Copper(II) sulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N (what is ^YN ?)
Infobox references

Zinc sulfate is an inorganic compound and dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat zinc deficiency and to prevention the conditions in those at high risk. Side effects may include abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, and feeling tired.

It has the formula Zn SO₄ as well as any of three hydrates. It was historically known as "white vitriol". All of the various forms are colourless solids. The heptahydrate is commonly encountered.

In medicine it is used together with oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and an astringent.

The hydrates, especially the heptahydrate, are the primary forms used commercially. The main application is as a coagulant in the production of rayon. It is also a precursor to the pigment lithopone.

It is used as in electrolytes for zinc plating, as a mordant in dyeing, as a preservative for skins and leather.

Zinc sulfate is used to supply zinc in animal feeds, fertilizers, toothpaste, and agricultural sprays. Zinc sulfate, like many zinc compounds, can be used to control moss growth on roofs.

Zinc sulfate powder is an eye irritant. Ingestion of trace amounts is considered safe, and zinc sulfate is added to animal feed as a source of essential zinc, at rates of up to several hundred milligrams per kilogram of feed. Excess ingestion results in acute stomach distress, with nausea and vomiting appearing at 2-8 mg/Kg of body weight.

Zinc sulfate is produced by treating virtually any zinc containing material (metal, minerals, oxides) with sulfuric acid.

Specific reactions the reaction of the metal with aqueous sulfuric acid:

Pharmaceutical grade zinc sulfate is produced by treating high purity zinc oxide with sulfuric acid:

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