Zinaida Reich
| Zinaida Reich | |
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| Born |
Zinaida Nikolayevna Reich 3 July 1894 Odessa, Russian Empire |
| Died | 15 July 1939 (aged 45) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Occupation | Actress |
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Zinaida Nikolayevna Reich (the last name also spelled Raikh or Raih; Russian: Зинаида Николаевна Райх; 3 July [O.S. 21 June] 1894 – 15 July 1939) was a Russian actress and became one of the main stars of the Meyerhold Theatre until it was closed under Joseph Stalin.
Reich married poet Sergey Yesenin and had two children with him. After their divorce, she married the director Vsevolod Meyerhold. She is believed to have been murdered by the NKVD during the time of Great Purge.
Zinaida Nikolayevna Reich was born in the village of Blizhniye Melnitsy near Odessa.
Her mother was Anna Ivanovna Viktorova, a Russian noblewoman and niece of a notable Russian linguist and archaeologist, Alexey Viktorov (). Her father was of German descent, Augustus Reich, who worked as a sailor and a railroad engineer. In order to marry Anna, Augustus Reich (originally a Roman Catholic) accepted Orthodox Christianity and was baptised as Nikolay Andreyevich Reich. Augustus Reich was an early social democrat and had been twice politically exiled to the North of Russia prior to meeting Anna. As he continued his activity, during the Russian Revolution of 1905, the family was exiled from Odessa to Bendery.
Zinaida Reich considered herself to be a hereditary proletarian. She studied in a gymnasium in Bendery but was expelled for her political activities before completing the eighth (last) grade. She enrolled in the Kiev Higher Education Courses for Women, and in 1913 she became a member of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party.
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