Zheltoqsan

Jeltoqsan Kazakh: Желтоқсан көтерілісі
Date December 16–19, 1986 Location Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, Soviet Union Result Massacre of civilians
Belligerents
Kazakh protesters	Soviet Union OMON KGB
Commanders and leaders
unknown	Mikhail Gorbachev Gennady Kolbin
Casualties and losses
168–200 civilians killed More than 200 injured

 Soviet Union

The Jeltoqsan (Kazakh: Желтоқсан көтерілісі; Jeltoqsan köterilisi) or "December" of 1986 were riots that took place in Alma-Ata (present day Almaty), Kazakhstan, in response to General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Kunayev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and an ethnic Kazakh, and his appointment of Gennady Kolbin, an outsider from the Russian SFSR. Some sources cite Kolbin's ethnicity as Russian, others as Chuvash.

The events lasted from 16 December until 19 December 1986. The protests began in the morning of 17 December, as a student demonstration attracted thousands of participants as they marched through Brezhnev Square across to the CPK Central Committee building. As the result, internal troops and OMON forces entered the city, violence erupted throughout the city. In the following days, protests spread to Shymkent, Taldykorgan, and Karaganda.

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