Zamburak

A zamburak, (in Persian: زمبورک), was a specialized form of mobile artillery from the early modern era. The operator of a zamburak is known as a zamburakchi. The weapon was used by the Gunpowder Empires, especially the Persian empires of the Safavids and Afsharids, due to the ruggedness of the Iranian plateau, which made transportation of heavy cannons problematic.

The zamburak became a deadly weapon in the eighteenth century. The Afghans used it to deadly effect in the Battle of Gulnabad, routing a numerically superior Persian army. The zamburak was also used successfully in the Naderian Wars, when the Persian Shah and military genius Nader Shah utilized a zamburak corps in conjunction with a regular artillery corps of conventional cannon to devastating effect in numerous battles such as at Mihmandust, Yeghevard, and Karnal.

Probably developed by Egyptian warriors who originally mounted large crossbows on camels, the zumbooruck was rapidly adopted by Arab, Afghan, Mughal and especially Persian Safavid armies up until the 19th and 20th century India. Zumboorucks were one of the royal guard units in the 19th-century Persian army. A Persian zumbooruck regiment would be accompanied by musicians with huge camel-mounted drums, in order to create even more noise and impress the enemy. Zumboorucks were used against the invading British in the Anglo-Afghan Wars and in the Anglo-Sikh Wars.

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