Yuzhno-Kurilsk
| Yuzhno-Kurilsk (English) Южно-Курильск (Russian) |
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 Yuzhno-Kurilsk Central Square |
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.svg) Location of Sakhalin Oblast in Russia |
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 Yuzhno-Kurilsk
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| Administrative status (as of December 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Sakhalin Oblast |
| Administrative district | Yuzhno-Kurilsky District |
| Administrative center of | Yuzhno-Kurilsky District |
| Municipal status (as of July 2012) | |
| Urban okrug | Yuzhno-Kurilsky Urban Okrug |
| Administrative center of | Yuzhno-Kurilsky Urban Okrug |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 5,832 inhabitants |
| Time zone | MAGT (UTC+11:00) |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 42455 |
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Yuzhno-Kurilsk (Russian: Ю́жно-Кури́льск) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Yuzhno-Kurilsky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. Population: 5,832 (2010 Census);5,751 (2002 Census);6,344 (1989 Census). It is the largest settlement on the Kunashir Island of the Kuril Islands.
The history of Yuzhno-Kurilsk is connected with the history of the Kuril Islands as a whole. In Russia, the Kuril Islands first became known after an expedition by Russian explorer Ivan Moskvitin and his companions, after which another explorer Kolobov in 1646 talked of the Ainus—the indigenous inhabitants of the Kuriles. According to some Japanese sources, Kunashir became known to Russians later than the other islands of the Kuril chain.
After that, the Kuriles, Sakhalin, and Hokkaido were explored and settled both by the Russians and Japanese. By the end of the 18th century, first settlements of Russian exiles and volunteers appeared on the Kuriles. Also, along with Ainu settlements, the islands had a Japanese trading post and fortified settlements with military garrisons. In 1769, Lieutenant Ivan Chyorny was informed that the Japanese on Kunashir had founded a settlement with a fortress and a permanent garrison.
Weakened by the Crimean War, in 1855 Russia signed the Simodsky treaty and ceded a part of the South Kuril Islands to Japan, including the island of Kunashir. The Japanese predecessor of Yuzhno-Kurilsk, the village of Furukamappu (Japanese: Furukamappu (古釜布?)), was located in the northeastern corner of the eponymous bay. Furukamappu with the neighboring villages of Okinokotan and Isoyanbetsu had fifty houses. There was a post office with the telegraph and shops. When the island was administered by Japan (1855–1945), other settlements were founded as well.
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