Yu Qian

Yu Qian
Portrait of Yu Qian
Official of the Ming dynasty
Born	1398
Died	1457 (aged 58–59)
Names
Traditional Chinese	于謙
Simplified Chinese	于谦
Pinyin	Yú Qiān
Wade–Giles	Yü Ch'ien
Courtesy name	Tingyi (Chinese: 廷益; pinyin: Tíngyì; Wade–Giles: T'ing-i)
Posthumous name	Zhongsu (simplified Chinese: 忠肃; traditional Chinese: 忠肅; pinyin: Zhōngsù; Wade–Giles: Chung-su)
Other names	Jie'an (simplified Chinese: 节庵; traditional Chinese: 節庵; pinyin: Jié-ān; Wade–Giles: Chieh-an) (art name)

Yu Qian (1398–1457), courtesy name Tingyi, art name Jie'an, was a Chinese official who served under the Ming dynasty.

Yu Qian was born in Qiantang County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang. He started his career in the Ming civil service after obtaining the position of a jinshi (進士; successful candidate) in the imperial examination in 1421. He helped to suppress a rebellion by the prince Zhu Gaoxu in 1426 and earned the favour of the Xuande Emperor (r. 1425–1435), who appointed him as the Grand Coordinator of Shanxi and Henan. During the reign of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449), he offended the influential court eunuch Wang Zhen and ended up being imprisoned. However, he was released later, reinstated as an official, and further promoted to serve as the Minister of War.

In 1449, Yu Qian played an important role in leading the defence of the Ming capital, Beijing, from attacks by the Oirat Mongols, who had earlier captured the Zhengtong Emperor at the Battle of Tumu. The Jingtai Emperor (r. 1449–1457), who succeeded the Zhengtong Emperor, appointed Yu Qian as the Crown Prince's Guardian and Tutor. In 1457, the former Zhengtong Emperor, who had returned after he was released by the Mongols, seized power from the Jingtai Emperor in a coup and restored himself to the throne as the Tianshun Emperor (r. 1457-1464). Yu Qian was falsely accused of treason and executed. He was later posthumously rehabilitated by the Chenghua Emperor (r. 1464-1487) and given the posthumous name Zhongsu (lit. "loyal and stern") by the Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620). There are memorial halls and shrines built in Beijing and Hangzhou to commemorate and honour Yu Qian.