Yinglong

Yinglong (simplified Chinese: 应龙; traditional Chinese: 應龍; pinyin: yìnglóng; Wade–Giles: ying-lung; lit. "responsive dragon") is a winged dragon and rain deity in ancient Chinese mythology.

This legendary creature's name yinglong combines 4th-tone yìng 應 "respond; correspond; answer; reply; agree; comply; consent; promise; adapt; apply" and lóng 龍 "Chinese dragon". Although the former character is also pronounced 1st-tone yīng 應 "should; ought to; need to; proper; suitable", yinglong 應龍 definitively means "responsive dragon; responding dragon" and not "proper dragon".

Chinese classic texts frequently mention yinglong 應龍 "a winged rain-dragon" in myths about the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, especially the Yellow Emperor(Though translated as this, Huang-Di in general does not mean yellow emporer) and his alleged descendent King Yu. The examples below, limited to books with English translations, are roughly arranged in chronological order, although some heterogeneous texts have uncertain dates of composition.

The (3rd-2nd centuries BCE) Chuci "Songs of Chu" mentions Yinglong helping King Yu 禹, the legendary founder of the Xia Dynasty, to control the mythic Great Deluge. According to Chinese folklore, King Yao 堯 assigned Yu's father Gun 鯀, who was supposedly a descendent of the Yellow Emperor, to control massive flooding, but he failed. Yao's successor King Shun 舜 had Gun executed and his body exposed, but when Gun's corpse did not decompose, it was cut open and Yu was born by parthenogenesis. Shun appointed Yu to control the floods, and after succeeding through diligently constructing canals, Yu divided ancient China into the Jiuzhou or Nine Provinces.

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