Yellow-rumped warbler
| Yellow-rumped warbler | |
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| Adult male "Audubon's" yellow-rumped warbler in alternate plumage, S. coronata, auduboni group | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Parulidae |
| Genus: | Setophaga |
| Species: | S. coronata |
| Binomial name | |
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Setophaga coronata (Linnaeus, 1766) |
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| Subspecies | |
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| Summer only range Winter only range Year-round rangeGoldman's warbler range not included in map | |
| Synonyms | |
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Dendroica coronata |
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Dendroica coronata
The yellow-rumped warbler (Setophaga coronata) is a North American bird species combining four closely related forms: the eastern myrtle warbler (ssp coronata); its western counterpart, Audubon's warbler (ssp group auduboni); the northwest Mexican black-fronted warbler (ssp nigrifrons); and the Guatemalan Goldman's warbler (ssp goldmani).
The genus name Setophaga is from Ancient Greek ses, "moth", and phagos, "eating", and the specific coronata means "crowned".
Since 1973, the American Ornithologists' Union has elected to merge these passerine birds as one species. There is a pending proposal to recognize the yellow-rumped warbler as four species rather than as different subspecies.
The myrtle form was apparently separated from the others by glaciation during the , and the Audubon's form may have originated more recently through hybridization between the myrtle warbler and the Mexican nigrifrons form.
The yellow-rumped warbler breeds from eastern North America west to the Pacific, and southward from there into Western Mexico. "Goldman's" yellow-rumped warbler is a non-migratory endemic within the highlands of Guatemala and the black-fronted warbler is also a non-migratory Mexican endemic. The myrtle and Audubon's forms are migratory, traveling to the southern U.S., Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean for winters. Among warblers Audubon's is by far the most widespread in North America in winter, and in the northern and central parts of the continent, it is among the last to leave in the fall and among the first to return and is an occasional vagrant to the British Isles and Iceland.
Yellow-rumped warblers spend the breeding season in mature coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands (such as in patches of aspen, birch, or willow). In the western U.S. and in the central Appalachian Mountains, they are found mostly in mountainous areas. In the Pacific Northwest and the Northeastern U.S., they occur all the way down to sea level wherever conifers are present. During winter, yellow-rumped warblers find open areas with fruiting shrubs or scattered trees, such as parks, streamside woodlands, open pine and pine-oak forest, dunes (where bayberries are common), and residential areas. On their tropical wintering grounds they live in mangroves, thorn scrub, pine-oak-fir forests, and shade coffee plantations.
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Wikipedia