William George MacCallum
| William George MacCallum | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born |
18 April 1874 Dunnville, Ontario, Canada |
| Died | 3 February 1944 (aged 69) Florida, US |
| Residence | Baltimore |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Citizenship | Canada |
| Alma mater | Johns Hopkins Medical School |
| Known for | McCullum-Goodpasture stain Malarial parasite of birds Structure of lymphatic system Thyroid and parathyroid functions |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Medicine, Pathology |
| Institutions |
Johns Hopkins Medical School Columbia University NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital |
| Author abbrev. (zoology) | MacCallum |
William George MacCallum (18 April 1874 – 3 February 1944) was a Canadian-American physician and pathologist. He was of Scottish descent and was born in Dunnville village in Canada, where his father was a physician. He was educated at the University of Toronto. He graduated with BA in 1894. Initially inclined towards Greeks as academic career, his father influenced him to enter medicine. He joined the second year of the first batch of medicine course in the Johns Hopkins Medical School, and became one of the first graduates of the institute in 1897. He was appointed assistant resident of pathology of the medical school in 1897, resident pathologist in 1901, soon after Associate Professor, and full Professor in 1908. Between 1909 and 1917 he held a twin position of Professor of Pathology at Columbia University and the NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital. From 1917 to 1943 he held the Chair of Pathogy at Johns Hopkins University.
MacCallum discovered the existence of two forms (now known to be male gamete or microgametocyte and female gamete or macrogametocyte) of malarial parasite in birds in 1897. In 1899 he and T.W. Hastings discovered a new species of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria called Micrococcus zymogenes. He was the first to describe the structural and functional relationship between lymphatic system and connective tissue. In 1905 he discovered that thyroid and parathyroid glands had completely different functions. He found that muscle seizure (tetany) was due to abrogation of parathyroid glands, and that injection of calcium salt could restore the condition. This directly laid the understanding of the role of calcium in muscle contraction. In 1909 he discovered that a disease gastric tetany was not due to parathyroid functions, but because of blockage of the stomach-intestine connection called pylorus. He wrote a definitive textbook A Textbook of Pathology which ran several editions and is still in print.
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